Disease relevance of tetrabutylazanium

• The decreased vasoresponsiveness following hemorrhagic shock was partly restored by genistein (10(-5) mol/L) or by the BK(Ca)-selective inhibitor tetrabutylammonium chloride (0.1 mmol/L), while it was further decreased by Na(3)VO(4) (10(-5) mol/L) [1].

Psychiatry related information on tetrabutylazanium

• A nonmicellizable quaternary ammonium salt, the tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr), which has a head group structure very similar to pOOTBABr, not only induces a remarkable superactivation, at a concentration 80-fold higher than pOOTBABr, but also allows the enzyme to retain a high residual activity for long periods of time [2].

High impact information on tetrabutylazanium

• We found that dimethylamine, triethylamine, tetraethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, tetrapropylammonium, and tetrapentylammonium were permeable through the PC2 channel [3].
• In cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, changes in membrane potential were induced by high potassium buffer, the non-selective potassium channel blocker tetrabutylammonium chloride (1 mm), and the non-selective cation ionophore gramicidin (1 micrometer) [4].
• In marked contrast, agents that do not inhibit PK,Ca in smooth muscle (e.g. tetrabutylammonium ion, other toxins homologous with ChTX, and pharmacological agents that modulate the activity of dissimilar ion channels) have no effect on [125I]ChTX binding in this tissue [5].
• In addition, the K+ channel blocker tetrabutylammonium prevented the effects of somatostatin on the membrane potential, the [Ca2+]i and hormone secretion [6].
• The foregoing changes in pHi were not affected by the addition of tetrabutylammonium to dissipate any membrane potential and were not observed at pH 6 [7].

Biological context of tetrabutylazanium

• Alkylation of N-nitrosourethane tetrabutylammonium salt (2-Bu(4)N) with four electrophiles (MeI, EtI, i-PrI, and PhCH(2)Br) was studied by (1)H NMR in CD(2)Cl(2) and CD(3)CN solutions [8].
• For instance, treatment of (Z)-1a with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (1.2 equiv), tetrabutylammonium bromide (5 mol %) and MeOH (10 equiv) in toluene-50% KOH aqueous solution (volume ratio = 3:1) at 0 degrees C for 2 h, and subsequent benzoylation followed by acidic hydrolysis afforded the protected alpha-amino ketone 2a in 80% isolated yield [9].
• Mechanism of Intracellular Block of the KcsA K(+) Channel by Tetrabutylammonium: Insights from X-ray Crystallography, Electrophysiology and Replica-exchange Molecular Dynamics Simulations [10].
• N-octyl-tributylammonium and -triethylammonium also blocked rCx40 channels with higher affinity and faster kinetics than TBA(+) or TPeA(+), indicative of a hydrophobic site within the pore near the site of block [11].
• On crystallisation from a solution containing L--H and excess Bu4NF, the tetrabutylammonium salt of the deprotonated urea derivative (Bu4N[L]) was isolated and its crystal and molecular structure determined [12].

Anatomical context of tetrabutylazanium

• 5. Oscillations induced by TBA in smooth muscle cells were not affected by removal of the endothelium, and depended on the presence of calcium in the external medium [13].
• 1. The effects of tetrabutylammonium (TBA) on the mechanical tension and on the electrical behaviour of endothelial and smooth muscle cells were studied in intact porcine coronary artery strips [13].
• The K+-induced hyperpolarization of Na-loaded mouse diaphragm muscle, enzymatic activity of Na,K-ATPase and 3H-ouabain binding to rat brain microsomes was measured in the presence of K+ channel blockers tetraethylammonium (TEA), tetrabutylammonium (TBA) and apamin [14].
• Moreover the KCa+ channel inhibitor, tetrabutylammonium (3 mM), but not the KATP+ channel inhibitor, glibenclamide (3 microM), significantly attenuated the dilator response to C92-4679 in the femoral artery [15].
• Dehydrogenase enzymes immobilized in tetrabutylammonium bromide/Nafion membranes have shown high catalytic activity and enzyme active lifetimes of greater than 45 days [16].

Associations of tetrabutylazanium with other chemical compounds

• The tetrabutylammonium salt of guanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP) dissolves in DMSO-d6 forming aggregated species which exhibit some properties of reverse micelles [17].
• All complexes were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a C18 column using gradient elution with a tetrabutylammonium phosphate buffer (40-85% methanol) [18].
• This method employs lyophilization of aqueous samples in the presence of excess tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate, followed by base-catalyzed anhydrous pentafluorobenzylation [19].
• Cyclic voltammetry studies of the dyad exhibited a total of seven one-electron redox processes in o-dichlorobenzene, with 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate [20].
• The mobile phase consisted of KH2PO4 (215 mM), tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulphate (2.3 mM) and acetonitrile (3.5%) at pH 6.25 [21].

Gene context of tetrabutylazanium

• The chelate is separated on C18-bonded silica packing by using an aqueous methanol mobile phase containing tetrabutylammonium bromide and is detected with 0.005 AU full-scale at 510 nm [22].
• The isoelectric point of the mutant Asn-78----Asp-78 was equivalent to that of wild-type yeast TIM that had undergone a single, heat-induced deamidation, and this mutant enzyme was less resistant than wild-type TIM to denaturation and inactivation caused by elevated temperature, denaturants, tetrabutylammonium bromide, alkaline pH, and proteases [23].
• [reaction: see text] The reaction of a carboxylic acid with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate and sodium azide allowed the formation of an acyl azide intermediate, which undergoes a Curtius rearrangement in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide and zinc(II) triflate [24].
• The method consists of (a) an on-line preconcentration at pH 3, (b) clean-up with four (precolumn) bed volumes of acetonitrile-water (30:70) at pH 3 and (c) isocratic analytical separation at pH 11 with 0.01 mol/l tetrabutylammonium as the ion-pair reagent and acetonitrile-water (30:70) as the eluent [25].
• Furthermore, we added to CP2 tetrabutylammonium 4-tert-butylphenolate [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of tetrabutylazanium

• The potential of the tetrabutylammonium-induced liquid-liquid-phase separation in alkyl carboxylic acid vesicular solutions for the extraction of organic compounds prior to liquid chromatography was examined for the first time [27].
• Prior to polymerization their solution binding properties vis-a-vis tetrabutylammonium benzoate in DMSO were investigated by 1H NMR, UV-vis and fluorescence monitored titrations [28].
• Nucleotides and their derivatives were measured by ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC gradient elution with 10 mM ammonium phosphate buffer containing 2 mM tetrabutylammonium phosphate on ODS columns [29].
• Cellular nucleotides were extracted by lysing cells in a hypotonic buffer containing an ion-pair reagent (tetrabutylammonium hydrogen-sulphate) to decrease enzymic degradation of nucleotides in combination with ultrafiltration of the cell lysate to remove compounds of higher molecular mass, for example enzymes [30].
• The later reagent is useful because, in contrast to TBA, it is compatible with MALDI mass-spectrometric methods [31].

References