Disease relevance of protium

• Using amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice as a model of amyloid beta amyloidosis, we demonstrate here that an intravenously administered (19)F-containing amyloidophilic compound labels brain plaques and allows them to be visualized in living mice by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using (19)F and (1)H [1].
• The sensitivity and specificity of breast (1)H MRS for detecting breast cancer were 83% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 73% to 89%) and 85% (95% CI = 71% to 93%), respectively, and both values could be as high as 92% after technical exclusions [2].
• The goals of the present study were to examine the effects of mild hypothermia (35 degrees C) on brain metabolic pathways using combined (1)H and (13)C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, a technique which allows the study not only of metabolite concentrations but also their de novo synthesis via cell-specific pathways in the brain [3].
• Here, we study the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and host cometabolic phenotypes associated with dietary-induced impaired glucose homeostasis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a mouse strain (129S6) known to be susceptible to these disease traits, using plasma and urine metabotyping, achieved by (1)H NMR spectroscopy [4].
• From t = 50 min to t = 90 min, spin-echo (1)H SI was performed with an echo time of 40 ms in a 2.5-mm slice including the glioma (nominal voxel size, 2.2 microl) [5].

Psychiatry related information on protium

• Twenty patients with cirrhosis underwent neuropsychologic tests, neurophysiologic study of the cortico-spinal tract with transcranial magnetic stimulation, and (1)H-magnetic resonance [6].
• Changes in metabolites detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) of the brain have been demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease [7].
• (1)H MRS was performed in 11 panic disorder patients and 11 healthy age- and sex-matched comparison subjects [8].
• Two independent long echo (TE = 135 ms) (1)H MRSI studies, the first comprising 24 subjects with very low alcohol consumption, the second 18 subjects with a more widespread alcohol consumption were conducted [9].
• To evaluate the model that attentional deficits in early HIV brain disease are related to brain inflammation, (1)H MRS and fMRI were performed in 14 HIV-positive subjects [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex stage 1 or less] [10].

High impact information on protium

• Crystallographic ((1)H, (15)N), NMR, and mutagenetic data reveal that the weaker interaction of the C-terminal region of beta-thymosin/WH2 domain with actin accounts for the switch in function from inhibition to promotion of actin assembly [11].
• One-dimensional (1)H NMR spectroscopy indicates that Mn(2+) binds in the vicinity of the heme 6-propionate as anticipated, and potentiometric titrations establish that the affinity of the new site for Mn(2+) is 1.28(4) x 10(4) M(-1) (pH 6.96, ionic strength I = 17.2 microM, 25 degrees C) [12].
• (1)H and (13)C MAS NMR evidence for pronounced ligand-protein interactions involving the ionone ring of the retinylidene chromophore in rhodopsin [13].
• Results from independent experiments support the APIase activity of DnaK: (i) exchange crosspeaks between the cis-trans conformers appear in 2D (1)H NMR exchange spectra of oligopeptides (ii) the rate constants for the cis-trans isomerization of various dipeptides increase and (iii) refolding of the RNase T1 P39A variant is catalyzed [14].
• Biochemical analysis of the patient's serum and urine, using (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectroscopy, revealed that his levels of dimethylglycine were much higher than control values [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of protium

• Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) of neuroblastoma cells treated with COX inhibitors demonstrated accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and depletion of choline compounds [16].
• Molecular dynamics calculations restrained by distances derived from 24 (1)H NOEs between IQ and DNA, and torsion angles derived from (3)J couplings, yielded ensembles of structures in which the adducted guanine was displaced into the major groove with its glycosyl torsion angle in the syn conformation [17].
• The active-site structures of Cu(II) plastocyanins (PCu's) from a higher plant (parsley), a seedless vascular plant (fern, Dryopteris crassirhizoma), a green alga (Ulva pertusa), and cyanobacteria (Anabaena variabilis and Synechococcus) have been investigated by paramagnetic (1)H NMR spectroscopy [18].
• Recombinant HIV-1 protease was obtained from bacteria grown on a 98% D(2)O medium containing 3-(13)C pyruvic acid as the sole source of (13)C and (1)H [19].
• The two metal sites in cadmium substituted beta-lactamase from Bacillus cereus 569/H/9 have been studied by NMR spectroscopy ((1)H, (15)N, and (113)Cd) and PAC spectroscopy ((111m)Cd) [20].

Biological context of protium

• The antigen was purified, and characterized by compositional analysis, fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry, sequential exoglycosidase treatments, methylation analysis, and (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, proving to be isoglobotetraosylceramide (IsoGb4) [21].
• Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), as detected by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, accumulate into BT4C glioma during ganciclovir-thymidine kinase gene therapy-induced programmed cell death (PCD) [22].
• This is confirmed by the kinetics of amide (1)H exchange with solvent deuterium of Ac-(Gly-4(R)Hyp-4(R)Hyp)(10)-NH(2), which is faster than that of Ac-(Gly-Pro-4(R)Hyp)(10)-NH(2) [23].
• The stereochemical course of hydrolysis was determined by (1)H NMR and was found to be retention [24].
• The molecular structure and dynamic properties of the active site environment of HmuO, a heme oxygenase (HO) from the pathogenic bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, have been investigated by (1)H NMR spectroscopy using the human HO (hHO) complex as a homology model [25].

Anatomical context of protium

• Metabolite profiling using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the metabolic changes associated with deletion of the gene for the transcriptional coactivator p300 in the human colon carcinoma cell line HCT116 [26].
• Using (1)H NMR analysis, we have investigated the changes of the intracellular transverse relaxation time (T(2)) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as parameters reflecting the rotational and translational motions of water in apoptotic macrophages [27].
• Increasing attentional load on three working memory tasks was assessed with fMRI, and the concentrations of brain metabolites were measured with (1)H MRS in the frontal gray and white matter, and basal ganglia [10].
• In this work we establish that the competitive binding of Bi(3+) to the blood serum proteins albumin and transferrin, as isolated proteins and in blood plasma, can be monitored via observation of (1)H and (13)C NMR resonances of isotopically labeled [epsilon-(13)C]Met transferrin [28].
• The present study was aimed at investigating changes in brain metabolites due to visual cortex activation in migraineurs and normal subjects by (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) [29].

Associations of protium with other chemical compounds

• Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) consistently detects significant differences in choline phospholipid metabolites of malignant versus benign breast lesions [30].
• Liver extracts prepared at the end of the perfusions were analyzed by high resolution (13)C NMR (150.13 MHz) with (1)H decoupling only and with simultaneous (1)H and (2)H decoupling [31].
• The specificity of the interaction of this particular proteoglycan with IL-3 is due to the abundance of GlcA(2S)beta 1,3GalNAc(4S)beta 1 disaccharide units as suggested by (1)H NMR [32].
• (1)H NMR, EPR, and resonance Raman of the heme-Hmu O complex establish that a neutral imidazole of a histidine residue is the proximal ligand of the complex, similar to mammalian heme oxygenase [33].
• Here we report the high-resolution structure of synthetic pardaxin Pa4 in sodium dodecylphosphocholine micelles, as determined by (1)H solution NMR spectroscopy [34].

Gene context of protium

• We report here the solution structure of the human MAT1 RING finger domain (Met(1)-Asp(65)) as determined by (1)H NMR spectroscopy [35].
• Proteolytic sensitivity, tryptophan fluorescence, circular dichroism, and (1)H NMR measurements indicate that murine E-cadherin cytoplasmic domain is unstructured [36].
• In (1)H (15)N HSQC ((1)H (15)N heteronuclear single quantum coherence) NMR experiments, we have mapped the surface determinants of tethered and untethered ubiquitin that interact with Mms2 and Ubc13 in both their monomeric and dimeric forms [37].
• The conformation and distances to the catalytic iron of both L-Phe and the cofactor analogue L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin (BH2) simultaneously bound to recombinant human PAH have been estimated by (1)H NMR [38].
• Thus we describe the tertiary structure of porcine PYY in water at pH 5.5, 25 degrees C, and 150 mM NaCl, as determined from 2D (1)H NMR data recorded at 500 MHz [39].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of protium

• In combination with site-directed mutagenesis and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance, we can now propose how the heretofore elusive C-2 proton abstraction step and the overall stereochemical course are accomplished [40].
• As a first step in understanding the structure and function of mitochondrial glyoxalase 2 enzymes, a mitochondrial isozyme (GLX2-5) from Arabidopsis thaliana was cloned, overexpressed, purified, and characterized using metal analyses, EPR and (1)H NMR spectroscopies, and x-ray crystallography [41].
• Two-dimensional (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism measurements demonstrated that the secondary structures of these two model peptides are similar to each other [42].
• The characterization was based on reactivity with various monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with defined epitope specificity, as well as monosaccharide and fatty acid component analysis, (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of the intact compound [43].
• The sugar nucleotides converted by both reductases were purified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and identified by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance and gas-liquid chromatography [44].

References