Disease relevance of Homovanillic acid

• Spinal-fluid homovanillic acid levels were increased in three patients, suggesting that altered dopaminergic feedback mechanisms may be involved in the pathophysiology of hemiballismus [1].
• In both forms of parkinsonism, the cerebrospinal fluid levels of homovanillic acid, the major metabolite of dopamine, were reduced, whereas the levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were normal [2].
• In experimental subclinical lead poisoning in mice, significant increases in homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid have been found in brain and urine [3].
• Urinary excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid by 288 patients with neuroblastoma and related neural crest tumors [4].
• In contrast, hypoxia alone and total global ischemia alone were not associated with HVA level elevation [5].

Psychiatry related information on Homovanillic acid

• Enzyme kinetics and multiple substrate studies indicated that the increased activity was due to elevated concentrations of monoamine oxidase type B. Concentrations of homovanillic acid were increased in the cerebral cortex but not in the basal ganglia of brains of patients with Huntington's disease [6].
• Plasma homovanillic acid levels in first-episode schizophrenia. Psychopathology and treatment response [7].
• Stepwise and hierarchical multiple-regression analysis revealed that among monoaminergic measures, only the CSF and plasma homovanillic acid levels contributed significantly to the total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and positive symptom variance with negative and positive partial correlations, respectively [8].
• CONCLUSIONS: The Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease may be suspected in elderly male dementia patients who otherwise meet criteria for Alzheimer's disease but who manifest significant psychiatric symptoms and neuroleptic-induced extrapy-ramidal side effects and have low levels of CSF HVA [9].
• OBJECTIVE: To screen for dopaminergic abnormalities in tobacco smokers and patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the authors determined serial CSF and plasma concentrations of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) [10].

High impact information on Homovanillic acid

• Sex differences in plasma homovanillic acid in acute psychosis [11].
• Effect of baclofen on cerebrospinal-fluid levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid [12].
• Changes observed after MPTP administration include marked decrements in the neostriatal content of dopamine and its major metabolites, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid, and a greatly diminished capacity of neostriatal synaptosomes to take up 3H-dopamine [13].
• Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and homovanillic acid in spinal fluid of schizophrenics with brain atrophy [14].
• In the brains of deceased schizophrenics who underwent long-term treatment with antipsychotic drugs, the concentration of homovanillic acid (a dopamine metabolite) was significantly increased in the orbital frontal, cingulate, and temporal tip areas of the cortex, but not in the putamen or the nucleus accumbens [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Homovanillic acid

• We measured the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) before and after probenecid administration in normal controls and in patients with Huntington's disease [16].
• Metabolite ratios and correlations did not predict subsequent treatment response, but preliminary analyses demonstrated negative relationships between HVA/5-HIAA and HVA/MHPG ratios and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale rating at that time [17].
• In patients with DAT with myoclonus as compared with both DAT patients without myoclonus and control subjects, the concentrations of homovanillic acid and biopterin were significantly decreased [18].
• Among the 22 patients with the highest values for both HVA and MHPG, the primary diagnoses were psychotic disorders, eating disorders, and major depression [19].
• One brain with DYT1 parkinsonism was similarly evaluated and marked reductions in striatal dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid content as well as the density of binding of all four dopaminergic ligands were measured [20].

Biological context of Homovanillic acid

• Striatal 3H-spiperone binding sites declined across the hibernation cycle in parallel with the reduction of HVA concentration; receptor binding affinity was unchanged by arousal state [21].
• Therapeutic effects were controlled using behavior rating scales, urinary excretion of homovanillic acid (HVA), and evoked potential (EP) recordings [22].
• Both correlated strongly with disease measured by conventional methods, including marrow histology or immunocytology, bone scan, meta-iodo-benzylguanidine scan, computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging, and urine vanilly-mandelic acid/homovanillic acid [23].
• Genetics of monoamine metabolites in baboons: overlapping sets of genes influence levels of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylglycol, and homovanillic acid [24].
• (5) In the luteal phase, the CSF HVA/5-HIAA ratio correlated negatively to serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone [25].

Anatomical context of Homovanillic acid

• Effects of metabolic perturbation on plasma homovanillic acid in schizophrenia. Relationship to prefrontal cortex volume [26].
• There were modest reductions in HVA in the nucleus accumbens but no significant changes in HVA, or in any other metabolite or neurotransmitter, in the striatum [27].
• Other features include little or no response to L-dopa, and low levels of homovanillic acid in the central nervous system [28].
• Locus ceruleus lesion was also found to increase tissue levels of dopamine and its metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid, in the ipsilateral cortex [29].
• The homovanillic acid : dopamine ratio, a metabolic index, indicated compensatory increased turnover in Parkinson's disease, which was absent in DLB despite the loss of substantia nigra neurons (49%), dopamine and uptake sites [30].

Associations of Homovanillic acid with other chemical compounds

• The intraventricular injection of methionine-enkephalin (50 to 100 micrograms) or [d-Ala2]-methionine-enkephalinamide (1.5 to 12 micrograms), a synthetic enkephalin analog resistant to enzyme degradation, caused a marked dose-dependent increase in dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid concentrations in the rat striatum [31].
• There was a trend toward a reduction in cerebrospinal fluid 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and homovanillic acid concentrations following bupropion treatment, although these changes did not achieve statistical significance [32].
• Piribedil decreased the probenecid-induced accumulation of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA) in CSF [33].
• The effects of high doses of haloperidol on clinical status and plasma neuroleptic and prolactin concentrations and CSF levels of homovanillic acid (HVA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were investigated in three paranoid schizophrenic patients over six weeks [34].
• Clozapine and fluphenazine equally reduced plasma homovanillic acid levels in comparison with placebo, although fluphenazine but not clozapine increased plasma prolactin level [35].

Gene context of Homovanillic acid

• Behavior was assessed and blood samples analyzed for growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), homovanillic acid (HVA), and amphetamine [36].
• In the right putamen, GDNF infusion produced a 217% increase in homovanillic acid (HVA) levels [37].
• HIAA vs HVA as well as CRF vs END correlated strongly in the total and both subgroups [38].
• The method is based on the peroxidase-mediated oxidation of homovanillic acid (HVA) under appropriate assay conditions in which EPO is still very active in catalyzing the reaction whilst MPO-mediated HVA oxidation is almost undetectable [39].
• CONCLUSION: The elevation of DOPAC and the decrease of HVA and HVA / DOPAC reflect a shift of the levodopa metabolism towards the MAO-B dependent oxidative pathway [40].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Homovanillic acid

• Concentrations of plasma homovanillic acid before treatment were highly correlated with global severity of illness in schizophrenic patients, both before and after treatment [41].
• Concentrations of 5-HIAA also were lower than normal in suicidal patients who were not diagnosed as depressed at the time of lumbar puncture, while HVA levels were lowered only in the depressives [42].
• DA and its acidic metabolites, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), present in the dialysates were separated by high performance liquid chromatography on reverse phase columns and estimated by electrochemical detection [43].
• The effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8) on extracellular dopamine (DA) and its metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid, were measured in the nucleus accumbens (N. Acc.). The experiments were carried out using in vivo microdialysis in awake rats submitted, or not, to a novel environment, the four-hole box [44].
• Tissue HVA in the animal model appears to be a quantitative marker for the effects of the insult on a population of nerve terminals [5].

References