Disease relevance of oxovanadium

• Secondary end points included exercise capacity assessed by 6-min walk test and peak VO(2), Borg dyspnea score, hemodynamics, symptoms of PAH, and quality of life [1].
• OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the prognostic value of peak oxygen consumption (VO(2)) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients with stable congestive heart failure (CHF) [2].
• By univariate analysis, the mechanical efficiency (ME, external work/VO(2)), left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and the LV end-diastolic pressure were statistically associated with cardiac death [3].
• METHODS: Of 131 patients included, 42/67 in sinus rhythm (SR) and 33/64 in atrial fibrillation (AF) were followed up longitudinally at 9 and 12 months by 6-min walked distance, peak oxygen uptake (peak VO(2)), quality of life by the Minnesota score, NYHA class, echocardiography, and left ventricular ejection fraction by radionuclide technique [4].
• Submaximal VO(2) did not differ between groups after adjusting for body weight [5].

Psychiatry related information on oxovanadium

• Oxygen uptake (VO(2)) kinetics were defined as oxygen deficit (DeltaVO(2) x time [rest to steady state] - Sigma VO(2) [rest to steady state]) and mean response time (MRT = oxygen-deficit/DeltaVO(2)) [6].
• There was no significant difference in breathing between groups during relaxed wakefulness (V, group A: 7.44 (SD 2.5) l.min(-1); group B: 6.02 (SD 1.3) l.min(-1); P(ET) CO(2), group A: 41.0 (SD 4.2) mm g; group B: 38.3 (SD2.0) mm Hg) or during exercise (V/VO(2): group A: 21 (SD 6. 0) l.min(-1)/l.min(-1); group B: 24 (SD 7.3) l.min(-1)/l.min(-1)) [7].
• CONCLUSIONS: These results show that more participation in free-living physical activity is related to greater VO(2) max and less difficulty in being active [8].
• The strength of the rationale for incorporating total body oxygen consumption (VO(2)) and delivery (DO(2)) into our decision making strategies contrasts with the absence of demonstrated benefits of bedside calculations in clinical practice [9].

High impact information on oxovanadium

• The rate of O(2) consumption (VO(2)) remained constant until [O(2)] fell below 15 microM, whereas the onset of reduction of cytochromes aa(3), part of the terminal ETC enzyme cytochrome c oxidase, occurred at approximately 50 microM O(2) [10].
• We propose a similar location compatible with all kinetic and spectroscopic results to account for the reactivity of VO(2+) and the VO(2+)-chelate in dUTP hydrolysis [11].
• Catheterization-based invasive exercise testing revealed depressed changes in the exercise-induced cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, stroke volume, and VO(2) in patients with Ile164 [12].
• Maximum oxygen consumption (VO(2max)) and anaerobic threshold VO(2) were calculated with a SensorMedics Vmax29C analyzer (Sensor Medics, Yorba Linda, CA), and heart rate was measured by electrocardiogram [13].
• The training group showed a significant improvement of aerobic capacity measured by anaerobic threshold VO(2) (14.67 +/- 3.03 versus 17.08 +/- 3.35 ml/kg/minute, P < 0.001) [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of oxovanadium

• Maximal attained VO(2) was less (2.9 +/- 0.1 times baseline) in the anemic animals (P = 0.01), and at this stage two of these pigs had myocardial lactate production, one of which died in ventricular fibrillation [14].
• During hypoxia, haloperidol significantly attenuated the falls in T(b) and VO(2), although hyperventilation persisted [15].
• O(2) consumption VO(2), cardiac output Q, CO(2) rebreathing), heart rate, SaO(2) and haemoglobin concentration were measured on six subjects (age 25.5 +/- 2.4 years, mass 78.1 +/- 9.0 kg) in normoxia and hypoxia (inspired O(2) fraction of 0.11) at rest and steady-state exercises of 50, 100, and 150 W without (C) and with BB with metoprolol [16].
• To clarify the energy-expenditure mechanism during Ba(2+) contracture of mechanically unloaded rat left ventricular (LV) slices, we measured myocardial O(2) consumption (VO(2)) of quiescent slices in Ca(2+)-free Tyrode solution and VO(2) during Ba(2+) contracture by substituting Ca(2+) with Ba(2+) [17].
• We then investigated the effects of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on the Ba(2+) contracture VO(2) [17].

Biological context of oxovanadium

• Measures of oxygen consumption (VO(2)) were recorded during the treadmill tests [18].
• In the patients, the increase in cardiac output relative to VO(2) (mean DeltaQ/DeltaVO(2) = 15.0 +/- 13.6; range 3.3-73) and ventilation (mean peak VE/VO(2) = 65 +/- 24; range 21-104) were exaggerated compared with controls (mean DeltaQ/DeltaVO(2) = 5.1 +/- 0.7; VE/VO(2) = 41.2 +/- 7.4, P < 0.01) [19].
• Minute ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO(2)), ventilated carbon dioxide (VCO(2)) and heart rate were measured in patients achieving a respiratory quotient >1 (n = 30) [20].
• In heart failure patients, peak VO(2) and forearm blood flow, but not left ventricular ejection fraction, increased after training [21].
• Peak VO(2) (%predicted maximum) correlated best with the peak tidal volume attained (VT standardized as % of predicted vital capacity) (r = 0.68, p < 0.0005), which, in turn, correlated strongly with IC at peak exercise (r = 0.79, p < 0.0005) or at rest (r = 0.75, p < 0.0005) [22].

Anatomical context of oxovanadium

• The effect of exercise intensity on skeletal muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and substrate metabolism was examined in eight men cycling for 20 min at each of three sequential intensities: low (40 +/- 2% VO(2) peak), medium (59 +/- 1% VO(2) peak), and high (79 +/- 1% VO(2) peak) [23].
• In a systematic effort to identify a potent anticancer agent, we synthesized 15 oxovanadium(IV) complexes and examined their cytotoxic activity against 14 different human cancer cell lines [24].
• We evaluated lipid metabolism during 90 min of moderate-intensity (50% VO(2) peak) cycle ergometer exercise in five men and five women who were matched on adiposity (24 +/- 2 and 25 +/- 1% body fat, respectively) and aerobic fitness (VO(2) peak: 49 +/- 2 and 47 +/- 1 ml x kg fat-free mass(-1) x min(-1), respectively) [25].
• 5. In conclusion, PPAHV produces vasoconstriction and a biphasic effect on VO(2) in the perfused rat hindlimb very similar to that induced by naturally occurring vanilloids [26].
• This highly conserved relationship between alveolar architecture and VO(2) suggests the presence of similarly conserved mechanisms that control the onset, rate, and cessation of alveolus formation and alveolar size, which are also influenced by retinoids and thyroid and corticosteroid hormones [27].

Associations of oxovanadium with other chemical compounds

• Results: Training increased oxygen consumption (VO(2)) peak [OW, 29 +/- 1 to 37 +/- 4 ml/kg fat-free mass (FFM).min; T2DM, 33 +/- 2 to 43 +/- 3 ml/kg FFM.min; P < 0.05] and improved insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (OW, 6.5 +/- 0.5 to 7.2 +/- 0.4 mg/kg FFM.min; T2DM, 3.8 +/- 0.3 to 4.2 +/- 0.3 mg/kg FFM.min; P < 0.05) in insulin resistance [28].
• The effects of 11 divalent metal ions (Be(2+), Ca(2+), Cd(2+), Co(2+), Cu(2+), Hg(2+), Mn(2+), Ni(2+), Sr(2+), VO(2+), Zn(2+)) on ATPase activity were determined in the absence and presence of MgCl(2) [29].
• We investigated the effects of increased O(2) tension at which Hb is 50% saturated (P(50)) on systemic O(2) uptake (VO(2) (SYS)), DO(2 CRIT), lactate production, and acid-base balance during isovolemic hemodilution in conscious rats [30].
• 3. Capsazepine (10 microM) caused a parallel shift to the right of both VO(2) and PP concentration-response curves for PPAHV (pK(b)=5.00), indicative of competitive binding to vanilloid receptors [26].
• We conclude that 1) the RTN is involved in the integration of VE, VO(2), T(re), and arousal and 2) TRH may establish the responsiveness of RTN neurons [31].

Gene context of oxovanadium

• We found a threshold value of body mass index percentile (by age) of about 71, above which systematic changes in GHBP, IGFBP-1, and peak VO(2) per kilogram were noted, suggesting decreases in the following: 1) GH function, 2) insulin sensitivity, and 3) fitness [32].
• Following a single bout of exercise at 40% and 75% of VO(2) max, an accumulation of myogenin in myonuclei and not in satellite cells was observed in biopsies from the exercised leg but not in biopsies before exercise and from the resting leg [33].
• By intervention with exercise education, 30 overweight subjects showed reduction in BMI (29.0+/-2.2 to 28.0+/-2.0, P<0.001), V and S areas, increase in VO(2) and WR at VT, increase in bFGF (9.21+/-5.82-21.2+/-7.04 ng/ml, P<0.001), and no change in VEGF (1.45+/-0.72-1.88+/-0.52 ng/ml, P=0.016) [34].
• We examined DH during exercise in 105 patients with COPD (FEV(1) = 37 +/- 13% predicted; mean +/- SD) and studied the relationships between resting lung volumes, DH during exercise, and peak oxygen consumption (VO(2)) [22].
• Using a stepwise regression analysis, percentage predicted functional residual capacity (FRC), the activity of CS, oxygen desaturation during exercise, age, and inspiratory capacity (% pred) were found to be significant determinants of peak VO(2) [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of oxovanadium

• Comparison of the training group and control group after 12 weeks showed a significant difference relating to VO(2max) (24.31 +/- 4.61 versus 21.21 +/- 3.88 ml/kg/minute, P = 0.01) and anaerobic threshold VO(2) (17.08 +/- 3.35 versus 13.66 +/- 2.82 ml/kg/minute, P < 0.0001) [13].
• BACKGROUND: Based on predicted survival, HF patients with peak VO(2) <14 ml/min/kg or medium- to high-risk HFSS are currently considered eligible for heart transplantation [36].
• One-year event-free survival (without urgent transplantation or left ventricular assist device) was improved in the current era, regardless of initial peak VO(2): 64% vs. 48% for peak VO(2) <10 ml/min/kg (p = 0.09), 81% vs. 70% for 10 to 14 ml/min/kg (p = 0.05), and 93% vs. 82% for >14 ml/min/kg (p = 0.04) [36].
• Of the patients with peak VO(2) of 10 to 14 ml/min/kg, 55% had low-risk HFSS and exhibited 88% one-year event-free survival [36].
• Metabolic stress testing (VO(2)), pulmonary function tests and isokinetic strength testing were also performed [37].

References