Disease relevance of Polypentose sulfate

• METHODS: Sixteen HIV-seropositive patients with Kaposi's sarcoma received pentosan polysulfate via continuous venous infusion for 3-6 weeks and then received a subcutaneous dose three times per week [1].
• No statistically significant effect on CD4 cells or serum HIV p24 antigen was noted during pentosan polysulfate administration [1].
• Administration of pentosan polysulfate to patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated Kaposi's sarcoma [1].
• Pentosan polysulfate as an inhibitor of extracellular HIV-1 Tat [2].
• We present an interesting case of inadvertent systemic anticoagulation resulting in serious bleeding complications in a young woman taking oral pentosan polysulfate for interstitial cystitis [3].

Psychiatry related information on Polypentose sulfate

• Psychometric validation of the O'leary-Sant interstitial cystitis symptom index in a clinical trial of pentosan polysulfate sodium [4].

High impact information on Polypentose sulfate

• Suramin, pentosan polysulfate, and interferon alpha, which are currently in use for therapy of KS, were either less effective than SP-PG or much more cytotoxic, or both [5].
• Detectable inhibition of heparin-binding growth factor activity in sera from patients treated with pentosan polysulfate [6].
• RESULTS: The maximally tolerated dose of pentosan polysulfate given by continuous venous infusion was found to be 3 mg/kg per day [1].
• We have shown that the heparinoid pentosan polysulfate (PPS) can block growth of subcutaneous human tumor xenografts in nude mice and angiogenesis induced by the heparin-binding, Kaposi's sarcoma-derived fibroblast growth factor (K-FGF) [7].
• Tumor growth dependent on Kaposi's sarcoma-derived fibroblast growth factor inhibited by pentosan polysulfate [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Polypentose sulfate

• Pentosan polysulfate (pentosan polysulfate sodium; ELMIRON), a heparin-like, sulfated polysaccharide, is used to manage bladder pain and discomfort in adults with interstitial cystitis (IC) [9].
• Several sulfated polysaccharides (dextran sulfate, pentosan polysulfate, fucoidan, and carrageenans) proved to be potent inhibitors for herpes simplex virus, human cytomegalovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, Sindbis virus, and human immunodeficiency virus [10].
• Re: cyclosporine A and pentosan polysulfate sodium for the treatment of interstitial cystitis: a randomized comparative study [11].
• A pilot clinical trial of oral pentosan polysulfate and oral hydroxyzine in patients with interstitial cystitis [12].
• Effects of pentosan polysulfate sodium on the estrogen-induced pituitary prolactinoma in Fischer 344 rats [13].

Biological context of Polypentose sulfate

• This possibility is consistent with the observation that CS protein binding to hepatocytes, cells invaded by sporozoites during the primary stage of malaria infection, was inhibited by fucoidan, pentosan polysulfate, and heparin [14].
• We observed that phagocytosis of dead Jurkat cells by monocyte-derived macrophages was blocked when the heparin-binding capacity of the dead cells was saturated by the addition of pentosan polysulfate [15].
• Inhibition of virus replication in CHO-K1 cells by polycationic compounds, pentosan polysulfate, lung heparin, and several intestinal but not kidney HS supported the hypothesis that CVB3 PD uses specific modified HS for entry [16].
• Eight women who were going to have an abortion between the 18th and 23 week of gestation for chromosomal abnormalities or haemoglobinopathies received intravenously 50 mg of pentosan polysulfate (PSP) [17].
• In vitro viral infection shows that the efficiency of adenoviral transfection is significantly reduced in the presence of pentosan polysulfate, a GAG analog [18].

Anatomical context of Polypentose sulfate

• Retardation of articular cartilage degradation by glycosaminoglycan polysulfate, pentosan polysulfate, and DH-40J in the rat air pouch model [19].
• Production of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 is selectively enhanced by calcium pentosan polysulfate in human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts [20].
• Pentosan polysulfate decreases proliferation and net extracellular matrix production in mouse mesangial cells [21].
• Preliminary clinical models suggest that pentosan polysulfate repairs damaged glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layers lining the urothelium and in vitro data suggest it may provide an anti-inflammatory effect in patients with IC [9].
• Pentosan polysulfate protects brain endothelial cells against bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced damages [22].

Associations of Polypentose sulfate with other chemical compounds

• Dextran sulfate, pentosan polysulfate, and fucoidan, which are composed of different saccharide units but contain O-sulfate groups in the 2 or 3 carbon positions, also inhibited IGFBP-5 degradation [23].
• Pentosan polysulfate, a polyanionic polysaccharide could reduce the deleterious effects of LPS on BBB permeability, and P-glycoprotein activity [22].
• Epidural hematoma after epidural steroid injection: a possible association with use of pentosan polysulfate sodium [24].
• The inhibition from pentosan polysulfate at concentrations ranging from 3.5 to 110 mg./l. was measured in simple inorganic calcium oxalate solutions at pH 5, 6 and 7 [25].
• The degradation of 35S-labeled aggrecan and reduction in tissue levels of aggrecan by articular cartilage explant cultures stimulated with retinoic acid or rHuIL-1alpha was inhibited by heparin and heparan sulfate in a dose-dependent manner and by calcium pentosan polysulfate [26].

Gene context of Polypentose sulfate

• Heparin (100 U/ml) as well as pentosan polysulfate (300 micrograms/ml) stimulated tPA synthesis by HOMC 2.9-4.5-fold [27].
• Calcium pentosan polysulfate inhibits the catabolism of aggrecan in articular cartilage explant cultures [28].
• Exposure of the glycosaminoglycan-binding region of S protein by reduction and carboxymethylation of the protein increased the neutralizing activity of S protein towards heparin and pentosan polysulfate [29].
• In the presence of 0.3 micrograms/ml heparin, 0.5 micrograms/ml pentosan polysulfate, or 2 micrograms/ml dermatan sulfate, S protein induced a concentration-dependent reduction of the inhibition rate of thrombin by heparin cofactor II [29].
• Heparin and pentosan polysulfate did not stimulate PAI-1 production by HOMC, while phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (100 nM) increased the concentration of PAI-1 in the conditioned medium by 2.6-fold over 24 h [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Polypentose sulfate

• BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicate that the heparinoid pentosan polysulfate (PPS) can inhibit heparin-binding growth factors (HBGFs) released from tumor cells and thus block tumor growth in animal models [6].
• Circular dichroism spectropolarimetry measurements showed that pentosan polysulfate induced a conformational change in PrP-sen that may potentiate its PrP-res-induced conversion [30].
• The effects of orally administered calcium pentosan polysulfate on inflammation and cartilage degradation produced in rabbit joints by intraarticular injection of a hyaluronate-polylysine complex [31].
• Pentosan polysulfate prevents glomerular hypertension and structural injury despite persisting hypertension in 5/6 nephrectomy rats [32].
• The microinjection of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/ml heparin (MW 6000) or pentosan polysulfate (MW 3000), final intracellular concentration, causes a concentration-dependent inhibition in all parameters of the sperm-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i and the phase 2 calcium-activated cation current (Ip) [33].

References