Disease relevance of cloprostenol

• The incidence and duration of retained placenta were reduced by 22 vs. 75% and 14 vs. 34 h for relaxin combined with cloprostenol or dexamethasone as compared with cloprostenol- or dexamethasone-treated controls, respectively (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[1]
• Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast was used to monitor hypoxia induced by cloprostenol, a prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) analog, in the rat embryo-placental unit (EPU) [2].
• Treatment of chronic post partum endometritis in cattle with cloprostenol [3].
• Reproductive performance of dairy cows with ovarian cysts after different GnRH and cloprostenol treatments [4].
• Study of combined injections of 1 alpha-hydroxy-cholecaldiferol and cloprostenol in the prevention of parturient paresis [5].

High impact information on cloprostenol

• In d 19 pregnant rats, cloprostenol, a PGF(2alpha) analog, rapidly induced transcripts for SOCS-3 and, to a lesser extent, SOCS-1 [6].
• Four hours after cloprostenol administration, the corpus luteum was refractory to stimulation of STAT5 by PRL administration, and this was not due to down-regulation of PRL receptor [6].
• In a prostaglandin FP receptor-linked second-messenger assay, racemic analogue 7 exhibited an EC(50) value of 319 nM (72% response relative to cloprostenol); the corresponding values for PGF(2)(alpha) and cloprostenol were 23 nM (91% relative response) and 1 nM (defined as 100% response), respectively [7].
• To test whether the induction of collagenase-3 and TIMP-1 is coupled with luteal regression, we prolonged the luteal phase by performing hysterectomies, and induced premature luteal regression by treating the pseudopregnant rats with a PGF2alpha analog, cloprostenol [8].
• On day 8 of the estrous cycle (estrus = day 0), beef heifers were restrained and given a 500-micrograms iv injection of cloprostenol, a PGF2 alpha analog [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of cloprostenol

• Cloprostenol, a prostaglandin F(2alpha) analog, induces hypoxia in rat placenta: BOLD contrast MRI [2].
• In conclusion, a single treatment with cephapirin or cloprostenol at 20-33 DIM significantly improved the reproductive performance of cows with subclinical endometritis [10].
• In five pregnant beagle bitches, embryonic or fetal death was induced by cloprostenol and cabergoline or by aglepristone [11].
• There were 316 cows with endometritis from 27 farms assigned randomly within herd to receive 500 mg of cephapirin benzathine intrauterine (i.u.), 500 micrograms of cloprostenol i.m., or no treatment [12].
• Two experiments were designed to determine whether pretreatment with Opticortenol (OPT), a long-acting corticosteroid, prior to induction of parturition with 25 mg of dexamethasone (DEX) alone or in combination with 500 mug cloprostenol (CLO) would result in a reduced incidence of retained placenta [13].

Biological context of cloprostenol

• However, doubling the cloprostenol dose (1.6 micrograms) caused a rapid decrease in mean urinary PdG (p < 0.05) within 2 days, and synchronous ovulation was demonstrated by an increase (p < 0.01) in mean urinary PdG 10 days after cloprostenol administration [14].
• This study examines differences in intracellular responses to cloprostenol, a prostaglandin (PG)F(2alpha) analog, in porcine corpora lutea (CL) before (Day 9 of estrous cycle) and after (Day 17 of pseudopregnancy) acquisition of luteolytic capacity [15].
• Sixty primiparous beef heifers from a crossbreeding study were used to examine the effects of inducing parturition with relaxin (3,000 U/mg) combined with cloprostenol (500 micrograms, i.m., n = 30) or dexamethasone (20 mg, i.m., n = 30) at Day 273, 10 +/- 1 days before expected parturition (Day 283) [1].
• It is concluded that pregnancies on ewes carrying 1 embryo can be terminated by a single dose of 100 micrograms cloprostenol given around Day 21 of pregnancy, but 2 injections given about 7 days apart may be needed when multiple embryos are present [16].
• 1 Human luteal tissue slices from days 18, 21 and 25 of the menstrual cycle were superfused in vitro with Medium 199 alone or containing cloprostenol (1 microgram/ml) [17].

Anatomical context of cloprostenol

• Corpora lutea were surgically removed from beef heifers 0, 2, 7.5, or 30 min (n = 4 animals/time period) after cloprostenol injection [9].
• 6. Unilateral treatment of one mammary gland in goats with the PGF 2 alpha analogue, Cloprostenol, at two dose levels from 2-3 days pre-partum to 1-2 days post-partum prevented the changes in milk [Na] that occur at term in untreated glands [18].
• However, acute cloprostenol treatment (10 min) decreased progesterone production and increased PGF(2alpha) production only from Day 17 luteal cells [15].
• Corpora lutea were also studied at 1, 3, 12, 24, and 48 hours after administration of a synthetic luteolytic substance (cloprostenol), and after temporary occlusion of the ovarian blood vessels for 15, 30, 60, or 120 minutes [19].
• AL-8810 has weak agonist potency (EC(50)) of 261 +/- 44 nM (n = 3) and E(max) = 19% (relative to the full FP receptor agonist cloprostenol) in A7r5 cells and EC(50) of 186 +/- 63 nM (n = 3) and E(max) = 23% in 3T3 fibroblasts [20].

Associations of cloprostenol with other chemical compounds

• However, PGD2 (EC50 = 155 +/- 29.9 nM; Emax = 49% of cloprostenol), PGE2 (EC50 = 2570 +/- 566 nM; Emax = 59%) and U46619 (EC50 = 1060 +/- 310 nM; Emax = 63%) were less potent and were partial agonists, and iloprost and BW245C were inactive [21].
• In transient transfection assays, Cox-2 promoter was rapidly induced (4 h) by phorbol didecanoate (a protein kinase [PK] C activator), ionomycin, and cloprostenol (PGF(2 alpha) analogue), with a peak induction at 12 h [22].
• Four groups of five mature Scottish Blackface ewes were injected with normal sheep plasma (control), antiserum to the 1-26 alpha peptide fragment of porcine inhibin, antiserum to oestradiol-17 beta, or a combination of the two antisera, 24 h following cloprostenol-induced luteal regression [23].
• This was achieved by injection of 10 mg FSH-P in propylene glycol at the same time as luteolysis was induced by cloprostenol on day 13 of the oestrous cycle (day 0 = oestrus) [24].
• This hypothesis has been tested by comparing the site and mode of action of PGF2 alpha, a PGF2 alpha analogue (cloprostenol) and the PKC activator phorbol myristate acetate (4 beta PMA) in human granulosa-lutein cells [25].

Gene context of cloprostenol

• Elevated VEGF mRNA expression in response to cloprostenol treatment was also observed at early gestation (day 9) in the forming placenta (p = 0.04) and uterus (p = 0.03) [2].
• Expression of the ET receptors, ETA and ETB was not affected by cloprostenol [26].
• In cell culture, cloprostenol or phorbol 12, 13-didecanoate (PDD) (protein kinase C activator), induced PGHS-2 mRNA in luteal cells from both groups [15].
• Levels of mRNA encoding IGFBP-2 increased significantly between mid-diestrus and early (P < 0.01) and late (P < 0.001) regression, and 36 h after cloprostenol administration (P < 0.001) [27].
• As expected, ET-1 and ETA-R mRNA levels were markedly induced in midcycle CL exposed to luteolytic dose of PGF(2 alpha) analogue (Cloprostenol) [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of cloprostenol

• Pigs on Day 9 or Day 17 were treated with saline or 500 microgram cloprostenol, and CL were collected 10 h (experiment I) or 0.5 h (experiment III) after treatment [15].
• At laparotomy, timed samples of ovarian blood were collected and ovaries were removed from 39 Scottish Blackface ewes (ovulation rate 1.3 +/- 0.1) on Day 10 of the luteal phase or 24, 48, 60, 72, or 84 h after injection of cloprostenol (PG; 100 micrograms) on Days 10-12 [29].
• Cows in the midluteal phase (Days 8-12) were injected with the PGF(2alpha) analogue cloprostenol, and CL were collected by transvaginal ovariectomy before and 2, 4, 12, 48, and 64 h after PGF(2alpha) injection [30].
• The aim of this study was to investigate real-time changes of these factors in luteal tissue of cows (n = 4-5 per group) in the mid-luteal phase (day 8-12) after intramuscular injection of the PGF2alpha-analog Cloprostenol [31].
• Ovulation was induced in 18 heifers and 5 cows by injection of cloprostenol at days 8-14 (day 0 = day of ovulation), and follicular development was monitored by ultrasonography [32].

References