Disease relevance of Pseudopregnancy

• Ovarian function was monitored by estimation of serum 17-beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) levels during (i) different stages of body maturation as indexed by body weight, and (ii) various stages of the estrous and pseudopregnancy (PSP) cycles [1].
• VCS, provided manually, mimics many aspects of mating, including facilitation of lordosis, induction of sexual receptivity, abbreviation of the period of sexual receptivity, and induction of twice-daily prolactin surges, which result in pseudopregnancy [2].
• Two measures of growth, actual weight gain and bone dimension, were significantly improved by the physiological processes of pregnancy and pseudopregnancy, by extra-sellar graft of a normal mouse pituitary, and by treatment with GH but not prolactin [3].
• These observations and the analysis of data already published suggest that the amenorrhea of pseudocyesis is associated neither with a persistent corpus luteum nor chronic hyperprolactinemia [4].
• High progesterone concentrations in a third dolphin that did not give birth indicated a possible pseudopregnancy or fetal resorption [5].

Psychiatry related information on Pseudopregnancy

• Rabbit uterine uteroglobin (UGL) was studied by electrophoretic and immunological methods following normal copulation, after ovariectomy and progesterone treatment, 17beta-oestradiol and combined progesterone treatment, 17 beta-oestradiol treatment alone and after HCG-induced pseudopregnancy [6].

High impact information on Pseudopregnancy

• 2) The urinary excretion of cGMP also increases during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy, paralleling the rise in urinary nitrate excretion [7].
• Clock mutants also show an unexpected decline in progesterone levels at midpregnancy and a shortened duration of pseudopregnancy, suggesting that maternal prolactin release may be abnormal [8].
• Estrogen treatment, by way of estradiol-17 beta implant, increased levels of the lipid-stimulated phosphoprotein 2-3-fold throughout pseudopregnancy [9].
• Estrogen modulates Ca(2+)-independent lipid-stimulated kinase in the rabbit corpus luteum of pseudopregnancy. Identification of luteal estrogen-modulated lipid-stimulated kinase as protein kinase C delta [9].
• In contrast, mating with vasectomized males resulted in an inflammatory response on D1 of pseudopregnancy similar to that on D1 of normal pregnancy, whereas mechanical stimulation of the uterine cervix failed to elicit such a response [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pseudopregnancy

• Administration of a luteolytic dose (3 microg kg(-1) body weight i.p.) of a synthetic PGF(2alpha) increased thiobarbituric acid reactant content in ovaries from rats on day 9 of pseudopregnancy [11].

Biological context of Pseudopregnancy

• Steroid and peptide hormone levels were monitored after immunization to evaluate ovulation and pseudopregnancy cycles in immunized and control animals [12].
• Similar increases in catalase inhibition by AT were found in luteal tissue of rats treated with PGF2 alpha 24 h earlier and in rats in which luteolysis was allowed to occur spontaneously in late pseudopregnancy [13].
• Here, we show that uterine OT gene expression is also induced during the proestrous phase of the estrous cycle and after induction of pseudopregnancy [14].
• A severe and permanent fall in the concentration of progesterone in the serum and a shortening of the duration of the vaginal diestrus in response to 0.5 ml of a specific antiserum to LH, injected sc on the morning of day 9 of pseudopregnancy (day 1 = ovulation), confirmed the presence of LH dependency [15].
• Although levels of estrogen receptor decreased slightly in all fractions of deciduoma cells from days 7-8 of pseudopregnancy, the larger polyploid cells had higher levels of estrogen receptor than smaller cells on both days [16].

Anatomical context of Pseudopregnancy

• 'Distinct cellular localization' of the messenger ribonucleic acid for prostaglandin E receptor subtypes in the mouse uterus during pseudopregnancy [17].
• In the current study, Northern blot analysis was used to evaluate Muc1 messenger RNA expression in the endometrium of estrous and progesterone-treated estrous rabbits and in endometrium from different stages of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy [18].
• The present results clearly demonstrate that prolactin decreases annexin 5 mRNA in the luteal cells during pseudopregnancy [19].
• Transient expression of EP2 on day 5 of pseudopregnancy in the luminal epithelium suggests its involvement in blastocyst implantation signaling [17].
• To study the possibility that superoxide radical production by mononuclear phagocytes is inhibited by progesterone on day 7 of pseudopregnancy, peritoneal mononuclear phagocytes prepared on day 7 or 13 of pseudopregnancy were preincubated with 10, 50, or 100 ng/ml progesterone for 6 h and then stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate [20].

Associations of Pseudopregnancy with chemical compounds

• On day 6 or 7 of pseudopregnancy, treatment of rats with luteolytic doses of prostaglandin F2 alpha also caused a significant increase in phospholipase A2 activity, which remained elevated throughout the 72-h sampling period [21].
• Uterine steroid receptor changes associated with progesterone withdrawal during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in rabbits [22].
• The effectiveness of TRH in releasing PRL after transient dopamine (DA) blockade was investigated in female rats between days 3 and 11 of pseudopregnancy (PSP) [23].
• Effect of prolactin on luteal functions in the cyclic rat: positive correlation between luteinizing hormone-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity and progesterone secretion; role in corpus luteum rescue of the morning surge of prolactin on day 3 of pseudopregnancy [24].
• Reduced level of uterine norepinephrine transmitter during hCG-induced pseudopregnancy in the rabbit [25].

Gene context of Pseudopregnancy

• During pseudopregnancy, the Ihh mRNA level was transiently increased in the preimplantation period and d 3 and d 4 post coitum and then decreased rapidly at d 5 post coitum [26].
• Total RNA obtained from rat decidual tissue on different days of pseudopregnancy was analyzed by RT-PCR using specific primers for IL-6, IL-6R, and 130-kDa glycoprotein (gp130) [27].
• Isg15 mRNA was detected in the mouse uterus and increased after d 4.5 of pregnancy but did not change between d 3.5 and 9.5 of pseudopregnancy [28].
• Kallikrein content rose from Day 1 of pseudopregnancy (PP1) to a maximum on PP7 (0.18 +/- 0.01 to 0.39 +/- 0.04 ng/mg protein; n = 36; p < 0.001) [29].
• In contrast, estrogen injection resulted in moderate but uniform SPP1 mRNA in all LE of Day 15 nonpregnant gilts, with expression maintained through Day 90 of pseudopregnancy [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pseudopregnancy

• An immunocytochemical study also showed that annexin 5 increased in the corpus luteum on d 6 and 7 of pseudopregnancy after treatment with CB-154 on d 5 [19].
• Western blot analysis showed higher V-1 protein expression on days 5 and 11 of pseudopregnancy than that on day 1 [31].
• Immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR, and Northern blot analysis showed that both ER species are coexpressed in the decidua during pseudopregnancy [32].
• Consistent with the immunohistochemistry results, Western blot analysis detected two species of precursor proteins (14.5 and 17 kDa) in isolated luminal epithelial cell-enriched preparations on Day 4, but not on Day 5, of pseudopregnancy [33].
• Previous studies show that hysterectomy on Day 1 of pseudopregnancy prolongs serum progesterone secretion in estrogen-treated pseudopregnant rabbits [34].

References