Disease relevance of Fucoxanthin

• A Laminaria saccharina genomic library in the phage EMBL 4 was used to isolate and sequence a full-length gene encoding a fucoxanthin-chlorophyll a/c-binding protein [1].
• Neoxanthin and fucoxanthin were found to reduce cell viability through apoptosis induction in the human prostate cancer cells [2].
• The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of fucoxanthin on endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in rats [3].
• Fucoxanthin significantly attenuated neuronal cell injury in hypoxia and re-oxygenation (P < 0.05) [4].
• Myxoxanthophyll, echinenone, canthaxanthin, and zeaxanthin were derived from cyanobacteria; chlorophyll c, and fucoxanthin from diatoms; chlorophyll a from cyanobacteria and diatoms; bacteriochlorophylls a and c, bacteriophaeophytin a, and gamma-carotene from Chloroflexus spp.; and beta-carotene from a variety of phototrophs [5].

High impact information on Fucoxanthin

• Based on these analyses, we postulate that the plastid of peridinin- and fucoxanthin-containing dinoflagellates originated from a haptophyte tertiary endosymbiosis that occurred before the split of these lineages [6].
• LHC proteins from diatoms are named fucoxanthin-chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins (FCP) [7].
• Characterization of gene clusters encoding the fucoxanthin chlorophyll proteins of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum [8].
• Subunit composition and pigmentation of fucoxanthin-chlorophyll proteins in diatoms: evidence for a subunit involved in diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin binding [9].
• In both oligomeric states, the excitation energy coupling between fucoxanthin and chlorophyll a was preserved, and chlorophyll c was shown to transfer energy efficiently to chlorophyll a [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Fucoxanthin

• The 50% inhibitory concentrations on the proliferation of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells were 3.0, 2.0, and 4.6 microM for fucoxanthin, fucoxanthinol, and amarouciaxanthin A, respectively [11].

Biological context of Fucoxanthin

• DNA fragmentation of nuclei in neoxanthin- and fucoxanthin-treated cells was detected by in situ TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay [2].
• Cloning and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding a major fucoxanthin-, chlorophyll a/c-containing protein from the chrysophyte Isochrysis galbana: implications for evolution of the cab gene family [12].
• These results indicate that dietary fucoxanthin is incorporated as fucoxanthinol, the deacetylated form, from the digestive tract into the blood circulation system in mammals [13].
• Investigations on gene copy number, introns and chromosomal arrangement of genes encoding the fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins of the centric diatom Cyclotella cryptica [14].
• Association of Fucoxanthin Chlorophyll a/c-binding Polypeptides with Photosystems and Phosphorylation in the Centric Diatom Cyclotella cryptica [15].

Anatomical context of Fucoxanthin

• Because the presence of chlorophylls c(1) + c(2) and fucoxanthin is typical of haptophyte algae, the second plastid type is believed to have originated from a haptophyte tertiary endosymbiosis in an ancestral peridinin-containing dinoflagellate [6].
• Diatom fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding protein (FCP) and land plant light-harvesting proteins use a similar pathway for thylakoid membrane Insertion [7].
• Fucoxanthin from edible seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida, shows antiobesity effect through UCP1 expression in white adipose tissues [16].
• Furthermore, fucoxanthin was converted to fucoxanthinol in 3T3-L1 cells [17].
• We investigated the suppressive effects of fucoxanthin and its metabolite, fucoxanthinol, on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to adipocytes [17].

Associations of Fucoxanthin with other chemical compounds

• Diatoms contain chlorophyll (Chl(1)) c, fucoxanthin, and diadinoxanthin (DD) [18].
• Similarly, high-performance liquid chromatography analyses of fucoxanthin, the major carotenoid present in Bolidophyceae, indicated that less than 4% of the total chlorophyll a in the picoplanktonic fraction in the equatorial Pacific was due to Bolidophyceae [19].
• In vivo experiments using antibodies against phosphothreonine residues and in vitro studies using [gamma-(32)P]ATP showed that fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding-proteins of 22kDa became phosphorylated [15].
• These complexes were characterized by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western immunoblotting using antisera against fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins and the reaction center protein D2 of photosystem II [15].
• Treatment with fucoxanthin resulted in a reduction in PGE2, NO and TNF-alpha concentrations in the aqueous humour [3].

Gene context of Fucoxanthin

• The expression of COX and iNOS protein in the fucoxanthin treated RAW264.7 cells decreased significantly compared to that the LPS group [3].
• The present result indicate fucoxanthin suppresses the inflammation of EIU by blocking the iNOS and COX-2 protein expression and its anti-inflammatory effect on eye is comparable with the effect of predinisolone used in similar doses [3].
• According to the experiments using the isogenic human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines, fucoxanthin failed to induce G0/G1 arrest in the p21-deficient HCT116 cells, but not in HCT116 wild-type cells [20].
• In the present study, we cloned and sequenced genes encoding cytosolic and plastid-targeted GAPDH proteins from three species of the fucoxanthin derivative-containing dinoflagellates [21].
• Effects of fucoxanthin on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo [3].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Fucoxanthin

• Circular dichroism spectra showed close interaction between fucoxanthin and chlorophyll a, and different chlorophyll a molecules were demonstrated to interact excitonically [10].
• In the Western immunoblotting experiments, the specific association of two fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins, Fcp2 and Fcp4, to the photosystems could be demonstrated [15].
• After the oral administration of fucoxanthin in mice, two metabolites, fucoxanthinol and an unknown metabolite, were found in the plasma and liver [11].
• The gene arrangement, existence of introns and the number of gene copies of genes (fcps) encoding fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c-binding proteins (Fcps) of the centric diatom Cyclotella cryptica were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern blotting and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) experiments [14].
• In the 16-week fucoxanthin-treated group both the percentage of tumor-bearing mice and the average number of tumors per mouse were significantly lower than those of the control group [22].

References