Disease relevance of Dextrins

• Allergic reactions to icodextrin in patients with renal failure [1].
• Binding of the cellulose-binding domain of exoglucanase Cex from Cellulomonas fimi to insoluble microcrystalline cellulose is entropically driven [2].
• However, delayed hepatic toxicity was evident in some dl922-947-treated mice, which was not dependent upon viral replication within tumor cells or the liver. dl922-947 has potency in ovarian carcinoma and i.p. delivery in icodextrin may enhance this activity [3].
• CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the intraperitoneal administration of dextrin 2-sulphate can reduce the replication of HIV-1 in patients with AIDS [4].
• In vitro, comparative adenovirus particle concentration determination (27 h) and bioactivity assay (24h) indicated equivalent compatibility with icodextrin or PBS [5].

Psychiatry related information on Dextrins

• To further investigate carbohydrate satiety in the Zucker rat, the short-term feeding behavior of obese and lean rats was observed following intragastric infusions (7.2 kcal in 10 ml) of corn starch and the starch hydrolysates Polycose and dextrin [6].
• Upon multivariate analysis, icodextrin contributed significantly to the improvement of patients' mental health, general health, and symptoms such as muscle spasms or twitching, cramps during an exchange or treatment, cramps after an exchange or treatment, itchy skin, and faintness or dizziness [7].

High impact information on Dextrins

• 0. Following concurrent administration of MG and NaNO2 via stomach tube, MNC formation was detected in the pylorus-ligated stomachs of rats preconditioned with a casein-free dextrin diet but not in those of rats preconditioned with a casein-containing or synthetic diet [8].
• A new glucoee polymer, icodextrin, related to maltose, is in increasing use as a peritoneal dialysis fluid [9].
• In this work we have investigated the reversibility and kinetics of the binding of the CBD from Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I on microcrystalline cellulose [10].
• The resultant trifunctional designer cellulosomes were assayed on homogeneous and complex substrates (microcrystalline cellulose and straw, respectively) and found to be considerably more active than the corresponding free enzyme or bifunctional systems [11].
• Conserved regions thought to represent active sites in dextrin hydrolases were found in the MalZ protein [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Dextrins

• The present study investigated the effect of peritonitis on peritoneal fluid and solute transport characteristics using glucose and polyglucose (icodextrin) solutions [13].
• Delivery of the sulfated polysaccharide dextrin 2-sulfate by the intraperitoneal route to the lymphatic circulation resulted in a clinically significant improvement in Kaposi's sarcoma in three patients [14].
• Amylolytic activity was primarily cell associated when Clostridium acetobutylicum was grown on glucose or maltose and primarily extracellular when grown on dextrin or starch [15].
• Those diets containing intermediate levels of carbohydrate (8 or 24% of sucrose or dextrin), or 60% dextrin starch, in comparison to diets containing 60% refined carbohydrates, extended life span and produced a more protracted pathogenesis, but were unable to circumvent eventual severe hyperglycemia and islet destruction [16].
• Fish fed the dextrin diet had significantly (P < 0.05) greater weight gain, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio but lower plasma glucose concentrations than fish fed the glucose diets irrespective of the level of chromic oxide supplementation [17].

Biological context of Dextrins

• However, p30 was less active than intact CenA against microcrystalline cellulose implying a critical role for the binding domain of CenA in the hydrolysis of crystalline substrate [18].
• The 7.5% icodextrin dialysis fluid induces through lipid peroxidation substantial genomic damage, which, in turn, sets the biological mechanisms leading to protective cellular suicide in motion [19].
• Respiratory exchange was measured during 14 consecutive hours in six lean and six obese individuals after ingestion of 500 g of dextrin maltose to investigate and compare their capacity for net de novo lipogenesis [20].
• In vivo, rabbits treated IP (100 ml) with rAd-betagal 1 x 10(9) P/ml in icodextrin showed improved transgene expression throughout the peritoneal wall compared to rAd-betagal in PBS [5].
• Icodextrin-induced lipid peroxidation disrupts the mesothelial cell cycle engine [19].

Anatomical context of Dextrins

• The renal toxicity of the Schardinger dextrins, alpha and beta-cyclodextrin, is manifested as a series of alterations in the vacuolar organelles of the proximal convoluted tubule [21].
• The dimeric enzyme sucrase-isomaltase (a complex of sucrose alpha-glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.48 and oligo-1,6-glucosidase (dextrin 6 alpha-D-glucanohydrolase), EC 3.2.1.10) of the rat small intestinal microvillus membrane is synthesized as a single chain enzymatically active precursor protein [22].
• Dextrin 2-sulphate accumulated in peritoneal macrophages and induced the release of MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta from these cells in vitro [4].
• Similar differences in total body water were observed, largely explained by reduced extracellular fluid volume in those receiving icodextrin, who also achieved better ultrafiltration and total sodium losses at 3 mo (P < 0.05) and had better maintenance of urine volume at 6 mo (P = 0.039) [23].
• In animals, these results show that IP rAd gene therapy can be improved with the use of icodextrin, and suggest that prolonged retention and distribution in the peritoneal cavity is an important factor [5].

Associations of Dextrins with other chemical compounds

• Superiority of icodextrin compared with 4.25% dextrose for peritoneal ultrafiltration [24].
• Melittin, the principal protein of honeybee venom, was isolated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and covalently bound to cyanogen bromide-activated microcrystalline cellulose [25].
• Digoxin was given together with a formula diet containing as admixture, respectively, wheat bran, microcrystalline cellulose, pectin, carrageenan, and carob seed flour [26].
• By that criterion the only potential case of a treatment reliably altering macronutrient selection identified in the present review of the literature is d-norfenfluramine, fluoxetine and paraventricular serotonin (5-HT) reducing the intake of dextrin-containing diets at early dark [27].
• Male Wistar rats were fed a liquid diet containing ethanol as 35% of total calories or pair-fed a control diet that isocalorically substituted maltose dextrins for ethanol for 4 wk [28].

Gene context of Dextrins

• Clearances of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) were higher with icodextrin than with 3.86% glucose and 1.36% glucose dialysate (P < 0.05) [29].
• Additional dextrin increased the amount of enterotoxin in extracts of sporulating cells of strain NCTC 10239 [30].
• D2S significantly inhibited HIV-1 tat transactivation in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 0.5 microg/mL), whereas dextrin had no effect [31].
• Cellobiose was also the only product detectable from hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose by the celA enzyme [32].
• Studies on the substrate specificity showed that the enzyme encoded by celA had high activity towards amorphous and microcrystalline cellulose, while the celB and celC enzymes had relatively high activity on carboxymethylcellulose, with little activity on microcrystalline cellulose [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Dextrins

• Isothermal titration microcalorimetry is combined with solution-depletion isotherm data to analyze the thermodynamics of binding of the cellulose-binding domain (CBD) from the beta-1,4-(exo)glucanase Cex of Cellulomonas fimi to insoluble bacterial microcrystalline cellulose [2].
• In vivo, the efficacy of dl922-947 when delivered in PBS or icodextrin to female nude mice bearing IGROV1 xenografts was determined [3].
• Microcrystalline cellulose thin-layer chromatography resolved the peak into one major and four minor components, all with similar absorption spectra [33].
• Rats were divided in five groups: polypropylene mesh only (control group), addition of Sepracoat or Icodextrin solution to polypropylene mesh, Sepramesh (polypropylene mesh with Seprafilm coating), and Parietex composite mesh (polyester mesh with collagen coating) [34].
• With increasing doses of dextrin 2-sulphate, the fall in viral load was seen during the period of drug administration and again 2 months after completing treatment [4].

References