Disease relevance of chloroethylene

• Vinyl-chloride-induced liver disease. From idiopathic portal hypertension (Banti's syndrome) to Angiosarcomas [1].
• Portal hypertension in vinyl-chloride production workers [2].
• Industrial exposure to several potentially hepatotoxic agents, such as vinyl-chloride monomer may occur, and there is a need for non-vasive, diagnostic techniques to detect and monitor progressive pathological processes in liver or spleen [3].
• Increased levels of some of these products were reported in lung cancer patients after occupational asbestos exposure and after exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or vinylchloride [4].
• One chloroethene-contaminated aquifer tested positive with the Dehalococcoides-targeted primers, and another contaminated aquifer tested positive with the Desulfuromonas dechlorinator-targeted primer pair [5].
• Based on the available data the hypothesis that vinyl chloride causes or contributes to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma remains unproven [6].

High impact information on chloroethylene

• Furthermore, the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences recovered from PCE-dechlorinating consortia and chloroethene-contaminated subsurface environments suggests that Geobacter lovleyi belongs to a distinct, dechlorinating clade within the metal-reducing Geobacter group [7].
• While many anaerobic microbial communities are capable of reductively dechlorinating tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) to dichloroethene (DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and finally ethene, the accumulation of the highly toxic intermediates, cis-DCE (cDCE) and VC, presents a challenge for bioremediation processes [8].
• We found that while gene expression correlated generally to the presence of chlorinated ethenes, there was no apparent direct relationship between RDase-encoding transcript numbers and respective rates of TCE, cDCE, and VC dechlorination activities [9].
• These findings suggest that multiple RDH genes are induced by a single chlorinated substrate and that multiple reductive dehalogenases contribute to chloroethene degradation in KB1 [10].
• Two tetrachlorethene (PCE)-dechlorinating populations, designated strains BB1 and BRS1, were isolated from pristine river sediment and chloroethene-contaminated aquifer material, respectively [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of chloroethylene

• Two isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) utilizing bacteria, Alcaligenes denitrificans ssp. xylosoxidans JE 75 and Rhodococcus erythropolis JE 77, were identified as highly efficient cooxidizers of TCE, cis- and trans-dichloroethene, 1,1-dichloroethene and vinyl-chloride [12].
• An aerobic bacterium, Ralstonia sp. strain TRW-1, that assimilates vinyl chloride (VC) or ethene (ETH) as the sole carbon source was isolated from a chloroethene-degrading enrichment culture [13].
• Bioaugmentation potential of a vinyl chloride-assimilating Mycobacterium sp., isolated from a chloroethene-contaminated aquifer [14].
• As part of an historical cohort study to investigate the mortality experience of industrial workers exposed to chloroprene (CD) and other substances, including vinyl chloride monomer (VC), we analyzed mortality from all cancers combined, respiratory system (RSC) and liver cancer in relation to CD and VC exposures [15].
• The mean levels, expressed in micrograms/dL, were 578, 507, 142, and 65 in hepatitis B, hepatitis non-A non-B, VC and TNT liver injury patients, respectively [16].

Biological context of chloroethylene

• Growth studies and 16S rRNA gene-targeted analyses suggested culture purity; however, the careful quantitative analysis of Dehalococcoides 16S rRNA gene and chloroethene reductive dehalogenase gene (i.e., vcrA, tceA, and bvcA) copy numbers revealed that the culture consisted of multiple, distinct Dehalococcoides organisms [17].
• Humic acids did not interfere significantly with chloroethene sorption or with TCE degradation but lowered PCE degradation kinetics by 36% when present at high concentrations (100 mg L(-1)) [18].
• Evaluation of the genetic effects induced by vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) under mammalian metabolic activation: studies in vitro and in vivo [19].
• Neither a deficiency in excision repair (rad3) nor in the error-prone repair pathway (rad6) increased the vinyl-chloride-induced conversion frequencies compared with the repair-competent D7RAD strain [20].
• FINDINGS: Among 21 adult cases of vascular sarcomas there were 4 patients with occupational exposure to vinyl chloride (VC) either alone or together with other artificial polymers [21].

Anatomical context of chloroethylene

• Only N(2),3-epsilonGua was detected in DNA treated with the vinyl chloride (VC) metabolite 2-chloroethylene oxide and in hepatocyte DNA from rats exposed to 1100 ppm VC for 4 weeks (6 h/day for 5 days/week) [22].
• The most nonsymmetrically depolarized chloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE) is the most hepatotoxic and causes a unique pattern of hepatocellular injury involving mitochondria, plasma membranes, and chromatin [23].
• In both strains of mice, VC exposure during the first 6 months of the experiment induced a high incidence of hemangiosarcomas and mammary gland carcinomas [24].
• Invasive character of malignant endothelial cells in vinyl-chloride-induced liver angiosarcoma [25].

Associations of chloroethylene with other chemical compounds

• A sediment column study was carried out to demonstrate the bioremediation of chloroethene- and nickel-contaminated sediment in a single anaerobic step under sulfate-reducing conditions [26].
• We conducted an historical cohort study to investigate the mortality experience of industrial workers potentially exposed to chloroprene (CD) and other substances, including vinyl chloride (VC), with emphasis on cancer mortality, including respiratory system (RSC) and liver [27].
• Degenerate and specific PCR primers were designed for the detection of chloroethene reductive dehalogenases (CE-RDase), the key enzymes of chloroethene dehalorespiration, based on sequence information of three CE-RDases and three chlorophenol (CP) RDases [28].
• The IL-1 beta detection test proved further to be an important distinguishing parameter as it was 100% positive in patients with viral hepatitis but only 12.5% to 25% positive in patients with VC/TNT-induced liver damage [16].
• Results from the field investigation suggest that intrinsic bioremediation process is occurring, which caused the decrease in TCE and CB concentrations, and increase in TCE degradation byproducts [e.g., dichloroethylene isomers (DCEs), vinyl chloride (VC)] concentrations [29].

Gene context of chloroethylene

• In addition, primers designed to be specific for the three known CE-RDase genes, namely pceA of S. multivorans, pceA of D. restrictus, and tceA of Dehalococcoides ethenogenes were successfully tested on genomic DNA of different chloroethene-dehalorespiring bacteria [28].
• Polymorphisms of DNA repair gene XPD and DNA damage of workers exposed to vinylchloride monomer [30].
• Two new cases of ASL (in retired autoclave cleaners, who were exposed to a concentration of 500-1000 ppm vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) during the working process) in the same plant are represented [31].
• Female Golden Syrian hamsters, F-344 rats, Swiss CD-1 mice, and B6C3F1 hybrid mice were exposed 6 hr/day, 5 days/week to carcinogenic levels of vinyl chloride (VC) for 6, 12, 18, or 24 months (rats and hamsters only) [24].
• We studied sequence-specific interaction of the vinyl-chloride metabolite CAA with human p53 gene exons 5-8, using DNA Polymerase Fingerprint Analysis (DPFA), and identified sites of the highest sensitivity [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of chloroethylene

• A study of pregnancy outcome among wives of workers exposed to vinyl-chloride monomer (V.C.M.) indicated that, in comparison with controls, there was a significant excess fetal loss in the group whose husbands had a primary exposure to V.C.M., whereas no differences between the groups were observed before the husband's exposures [33].
• Total community DNA isolated from sediments of three Michigan rivers and six different chloroethene-contaminated aquifer samples was used as template in nested PCR [5].
• Influence of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) and As2O3 on rat liver cell proliferation after partial hepatectomy [34].
• The fixation is based on pre-operatively constructed splints of the plastic material Resur Trovidur PE [35].
• The room-temperature (RT) adsorption and thermal evolution of 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-C2H2Cl2 or iso-DCE) and monochloroethylene (C2H3Cl or MCE) on Si(111)7 x 7 have been studied by vibrational electron energy loss spectroscopy and thermal desorption spectrometry (TDS) [36].

References