Disease relevance of Pathologic Processes

• An abnormality of dystrophin-associated proteins in the sarcolemma seems to be a common denominator in the pathological processes leading to muscle cell necrosis in three forms of severe muscular dystrophy (Duchenne, Japanese Fukuyama-type, and north African Duchenne-like autosomal recessive) [1].
• Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding lectin previously designated as epsilon BP (IgE-binding protein), CBP35, Mac-2, L-29, and L-34, and its expression has been associated with various physiological and pathological processes, including cell growth, tumor transformation, and metastasis [2].
• Inflammatory cell recruitment to the central nervous system (CNS) is a cardinal feature of physiological and pathological processes, including multiple sclerosis (MS) [3].
• The toxicity of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generated from activated neutrophils has been associated with several pathological processes such as atherosclerosis [4].
• However, in some microenvironments such as injured tissue or joint spaces, elevated IL-1 levels may contribute to pathologic processes, for example, proliferation and fibrosis of tissue involved in pannus formation as well as degradation of matrix and abnormal tissue architecture [5].

Psychiatry related information on Pathologic Processes

• Cholesterol and pathological processes in Alzheimer's disease [6].
• Ion channels formed by expanded polyglutamine tracts have been proposed to play an important role in the pathological processes leading to neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease and other CAG repeat diseases [7].
• Quantification of amyloid plaque deposits may well be useful in distinguishing between the senescent changes associated with 'normal' aging and the pathological processes underlying dementia [8].
• The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a cytokine released within central nervous system from activated astrocytes and macrophages and involved in several pathologic processes including AIDS-myelopathy, multiple sclerosis and myelin dilatation in panencephalic type of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease [9].

High impact information on Pathologic Processes

• Contact-dependent signaling between membrane-linked ligands and receptors such as the ephrins and Eph receptor tyrosine kinases controls a wide range of developmental and pathological processes [10].
• Our observations suggest that anginal syndromes that are refractory to medical treatment can be caused by unstable pathologic processes in the intima [11].
• The N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptor (NMDAR) serves critical functions in physiological and pathological processes in the central nervous system, including neuronal development, plasticity and neurodegeneration [12].
• Our findings indicate that proteins belonging to the SIRP family generally regulate signals defining different physiological and pathological processes [13].
• Tissue factor is a cell-surface glycoprotein receptor which initiates the blood coagulation cascade after vessel injury by interacting with blood clotting factor VII/VIIa and which is implicated in various pathological processes [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pathologic Processes

• At least one urinary ketone measurement should be a routine procedure in all severely ill patients in whom a complete understanding of the underlying pathological processes is not present [15].
• Industrial exposure to several potentially hepatotoxic agents, such as vinyl-chloride monomer may occur, and there is a need for non-vasive, diagnostic techniques to detect and monitor progressive pathological processes in liver or spleen [16].
• Cell contact with the extracellular matrix component hyaluronic acid (HA) plays an important role in many developmental, physiological, and pathological processes, although the regulation of this contact is poorly understood [17].
• Such interactions between C3 and components of the glomerular basement membrane could play important roles in complement-related pathological processes of the glomerulus [18].
• Proprotein convertases (PCs) are an important class of host-cell serine endoproteases implicated in many physiological and pathological processes [19].

Biological context of Pathologic Processes

• FGF2 has been implicated in a multitude of physiological and pathological processes, including limb development, angiogenesis, wound healing, and tumor growth, but its physiological role is still unclear [20].
• Activation-induced transcriptional upregulation of the ligand for Fas (FasL) and the resulting apoptosis of Fas-bearing cells constitute essential steps in a host of normal and pathological processes [21].
• Thus, CDE-mediated mRNA decay is likely to be an important mechanism limiting LPS-induced pathologic processes [22].
• Constitutive NF-kappaB activity has emerged as an important cell survival component of physiological and pathological processes, including B-cell development [23].
• MMPs may play a novel role through CTGF degradation in VEGF-induced angiogenesis during embryonic development, tissue maintenance, and/or pathological processes of various diseases [24].

Anatomical context of Pathologic Processes

• Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) is thought to participate in the normal and pathologic processes of numerous tissues, including the gastric mucosa [25].
• Stromal-derived cell factor-1 alpha (SDF-1 alpha; CXCL12) and its receptor, CXCR4, are constitutively expressed on neuroepithelial cells and are believed to be involved in both development and pathological processes, such as AIDS-associated neurologic disorders [26].
• Prostaglandins and other eicosanoids derived from COX-1 and COX-2 are involved in a variety of physiologic and pathologic processes in the gastrointestinal tract [27].
• As a source of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), mast cells have been implicated as potential effector cells in many pathological processes [28].
• There is growing evidence that the two small leucine-rich proteoglycans biglycan and decorin regulate the assembly of connective tissues and alter cell behavior during development and pathological processes [29].

Gene context of Pathologic Processes

• Thus, being a potent and selective ETB receptor antagonist, BQ-788 may be considered as a powerful tool for investigating the role of ET in physiological and pathological processes [30].
• Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors regulate many important biological and pathological processes [31].
• The multifunctional cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) is expressed in a wide variety of disease states and pathologic processes [32].
• TGC function is unknown, although it could function to stabilize intra- and extra-cellular molecules in a wide variety of physiologic or pathologic processes [33].
• Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important mediator of angiogenesis in both physiological and pathological processes [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pathologic Processes

• More important may be the effect of estrogen depletion on the response of oral bone to dental treatments such as tooth extraction or pathologic processes such as periodontal disease [35].
• This approach could be advantageously used in epidemiological studies to provide more definite data on suspected associations between NAT1* genotype and certain pathological processes [36].
• METHODS: A retrospective study of clinical, sonographic and radiological examinations of the shoulders of 100 symptomatic consecutive outpatients with SpA, compared to 4 groups of control patients: 100 with Rheumatoid Arthritis, 100 with Osteoarthritis, 100 with Painful Shoulder, and 50 with shoulders undamaged by local pathological processes [37].
• While total parenteral nutrition represents a powerful tool for maintaining and restoring nutritional integrity in the acutely and chronically ill patient, the enthusiasm for its impact on particular pathologic processes is largely unproved [38].
• Recent developments in the field of HLA-G research have revealed that, besides its involvement during pregnancy, HLA-G is expressed in peripheral tissues during pathological processes, such as viral infections, malignancies and organ transplantation [39].

References