Disease relevance of Trizma

• Despite the fact that a substantial number of patients experience allergic reactions, hypertension, bronchospasm, nausea, vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea, the efficacy and relative safety of dinoprost tromethamine establish it as superior to intra-amniotic instillation of hypertonic saline [1].
• Group 2 animals (n = 5) received infusions of Tham to buffer hydrogen ion and compensate for respiratory acidosis [2].
• Isolated rat proximal tubular segments (PTSs) were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (50/30 or 30/50 minutes) under the following incubation conditions: 1) continuous pH 7.4, 2) continuous pH 6.8, or 3) hypoxia at pH 6.8 and reoxygenation at pH 7.4 (NaHCO3 or Tris base addition) [3].
• Tromethamine buffer modifies the depressant effect of permissive hypercapnia on myocardial contractility in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome [4].
• OBJECTIVE: The intravenous administration of tromethamine (INN, trometamol) lowers the intracranial pressure in patients with brain edema [5].

Psychiatry related information on Trizma

• Fosfomycin trometamol proved to be effective with the advantage of no risk of cross resistance, practical pharmaceutical formulation with good patient compliance, good safety profile with few side effects and a satisfactory cost/benefit ratio [6].

High impact information on Trizma

• The commonly used buffering agent tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine (tris) antagonizes the action of iontophoretically applied acetylcholine on neurons of Aplysia californica [7].
• In the United States, dinoprost tromethamine is primarily administered intra-amniotically [1].
• The introduction of dinoprost tromethamine (Prostin F2 Alpha) as an abortifacient in the second trimester of pregnancy represents the first clinical use of a prostaglandin [1].
• Alzheimer disease amyloid beta protein forms calcium channels in bilayer membranes: blockade by tromethamine and aluminum [8].
• The inhibition of the A beta P-channel current by these two substances depends on transmembrane potential, suggesting that the mechanism of blockade involves direct interaction between tromethamine (or Al3+) and sites within the A beta P channel [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Trizma

• Ninety percent of pathogens in the fosfomycin trometamol group and 81% in the cephalexin group were Escherichia coli (the difference is not significant [NS]) [9].
• THAM (trometamol; tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane) is a biologically inert amino alcohol of low toxicity, which buffers carbon dioxide and acids in vitro and in vivo [10].
• Fosfomycin trometamol use increased dramatically, becoming the first choice for any type of cystitis [11].
• To determine the effectiveness of carboprost tromethamine therapy on the urothelium, we induced hemorrhagic cystitis in 81 rats [12].
• Prophylactic and therapeutic carboprost tromethamine bladder irrigation in rats with cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis [12].

Biological context of Trizma

• In its new formulation as the oral tromethamine salt, fosfomycin has 34 to 41% oral bioavailability, has a mean elimination half-life of 5.7 hours, and is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine [13].
• Especially the crystalline trisamine salt of the 15,15-ethylene ketal of 15-dehydro-16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranorprostaglandin F2alpha is a very active inducer of luteolysis in laboratory animals and cattle [14].
• The pharmacokinetics of two oral forms of fosfomycin, tromethamine (trometamol) salt and calcium salt, were studied in five young (age, 29 +/- 3 [standard deviation] years) and eight elderly (age, 72 +/- 6 years) adults [15].
• In all subjects, the peak levels of the calcium salt in serum were two- to fourfold lower than those of the tromethamine salt (6 to 7 and 18 to 22 micrograms/ml, respectively), indicating poor intestinal absorption of the calcium form [15].
• Twenty Holstein heifers in diestrus were given 30 mg of PGF2alpha Tham salt (im) [16].

Anatomical context of Trizma

• Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris, Tromethamine, THAM) and other non-amphoteric amines were previously reported to inhibit the conversion of proparathyroid hormone to parathyroid hormone in bovine parathyroid glands incubated in vitro [17].
• Entry of tromethamine into the cerebrospinal fluid of humans after cerebrovascular events [5].
• Thus, fosfomycin tromethamine achieves high clinical and bacteriological cure rates in patients with acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection and is well tolerated [13].
• The greater efficacy of WY-50,295 tromethamine in the antigen-challenged guinea pig trachea is likely to result from its combined abilities to prevent LT biosynthesis and block LTD4 receptors [18].
• Retinal pigment epithelial cells from 9-14-day-old congenic strains of normal (RCS-rdy+) and dystrophic (RCS-rdy/rdy) rats were separated from intact retinas and homogenized in 0.08 M Tris base, pH 7 [19].

Associations of Trizma with other chemical compounds

• When the SUVs were suspended in a dilute tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane/2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid buffer, both COR6.6 and COR15am invariably decreased the incidence of freeze-induced fusion regardless of the lipid composition [20].
• Fosfomycin trometamol in a single 3-g dose is as effective as a 5-day regimen of cephalexin for the treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection in women [9].
• We describe buffer for both immunoelectrophoresis and zone electrophoresis procedures in agarose gels, Tricine [N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methylglycine] and Tris [2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol] being the main components [21].
• Fosfomycin tromethamine is a phosphonic acid bactericidal agent with in vitro activity against most urinary tract pathogens [13].
• Bilirubin undergoes irreversible reduction at the hanging-mercury-drop electrode in tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine buffer (0.1 mol/L, pH 8.5) [22].

Gene context of Trizma

• Molecules like nitro-NSAIDs or tromethamine salt derivatives have been synthesized considering that both COX-1 and COX-2 are responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins involved either in homeostatic functions or inflammation [23].
• Tham et al. show that Helicobacter pylori infection lowers the density of immunoreactive somatostatin cells (D-cells) in the antral mucosa and elevates plasma gastrin concentrations [24].
• Because DNA fragments containing either one or both bubbles migrate in TBM (89 mm Tris base, 89 mm boric acid, and 2 mm MgCl(2)) PAGE even faster than expected from their linear size, interacting regions are expected to belong to the same molecule [25].
• PATIENTS: Twenty-three patients with severe traumatic brain injury or delayed ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage with intracranial hypertension refractory to aggressive treatment, including repeated applications of tromethamine, hypertonic saline solution, barbiturate coma, and decompressive craniectomy [26].
• A facile chromatography-free route to Kang's intermediate for the synthesis of (+)-lactacystin, a potent proteasome inhibitor, has been developed starting with Brown's asymmetric crotylation of tert-butyl 5-formyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-ylcarbamate, easily available from 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol (Tris) [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Trizma

• After neutralization with Tris base, the extract is introduced directly into the radioreceptor assay [28].
• The drug is administered as the water soluble tromethamine salt and is available in tablets or as an intramuscular injection [29].
• Both bicarbonate and tromethamine significantly decreased coronary perfusion pressure from 26 to 15 mm Hg and reduced the magnitude of the vasopressor effect of the adrenergic vasopressor [30].
• Eligible patients underwent complete clot evacuation followed by intravesical instillation of 0.4 to 1.0 mg.% carboprost tromethamine for 2 hours 4 times per day, alternating with continuous saline bladder irrigation for 2 hours [31].
• Re: Tham et al.--Safety of ERCP during pregnancy [32].

References