Disease relevance of cephalexin

• Cephalexin for susceptible bacteriuria in afebrile, long-term catheterized patients [1].
• Cephalexin monohydrate suspension. Treatment of otitis media [2].
• An increased rate of carriers of Klebsiella spp strains resistant to ampicillin, cefuroxime, and cephalexin and of E coli strains resistant to ampicillin was associated with the use of ampicillin, with or without gentamicin [3].
• Ototoxicity associated with cephalexin in two patients with renal failure [4].
• To explore the evolutionary potential of these enzymes, we have subjected the Bacillus cereus MBL (BcII) to a directed evolution scheme, which resulted in an increased hydrolytic efficiency toward cephalexin [5].

Psychiatry related information on cephalexin

• No epileptogenic signs were observed on EEGs, and no behavioral symptoms were observed after administration of 1,000 micrograms of cephalexin and cephradine per head [6].
• These pharmacokinetic properties permit less frequent and more convenient dosage scheduling than cephalexin and cephradine and consequently greater patient compliance [7].
• Results with cephalexin in a concurrently treated alternative therapy group were generally unsatisfactory [8].
• Both dogs responded to a prolonged course of oral cephalexin and dietary modification [9].

High impact information on cephalexin

• In addition, FtsZ rings are able to assemble in newborn cells in the presence of cephalexin, suggesting that newborn cells contain a site at which FtsZ can assemble (the nascent division site) and that the transpeptidase activity of FtsI is not required for assembly of FtsZ at these sites [10].
• A 66-year-old woman had several episodes of aseptic meningitis associated with exposure to cephalexin, cefazolin, and ceftazidime [11].
• Expression of PEPT 1 or PEPT 2 in HeLa cells was found to induce H(+)-coupled cephalexin uptake in these cells [12].
• We showed that exposure of M. tuberculosis to DNA damaging agents, or to cephalexin, or growth of M. tuberculosis in macrophages increased cell length and sharply elevated the expression of Rv2719c, a LexA-controlled gene [13].
• The tus deletion strain yielded a small fraction of cells that overproduce DNA, as determined by flow cytometry after run-out chromosome replication in the presence of rifampicin and cephalexin [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of cephalexin

• Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae overall were equally susceptible to BMY 28100 and cefaclor but were less susceptible to cephalexin [15].
• Cefuroxime was generally greater than fourfold more active than cephalexin and cefadroxil against all aerobic isolates, including Pasteurella multocida [16].
• R-3746 inhibited the majority of hemolytic streptococci (groups A, B, C, F, and G) and Streptococcus pneumoniae at less than 0.06 micrograms/ml, which was comparable to the activity of amoxicillin, 2- to 8-fold more active than cefixime, and 16- to 64-fold more active than cefaclor and cephalexin [17].
• The in vitro susceptibility of human isolates of Pasteurella multocida to oral antimicrobial agents from our current study and from a review of the literature suggests that dicloxacillin (oxacillin), erythromycin, clindamycin, cephalexin, cefaclor, and cefadroxil should not be used for empiric therapy of animal bite wounds [18].
• With this method, the roles of several species of porin pores from Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium in the diffusion of cephalexin, cephaloridine, and cephalothin were examined [19].

Biological context of cephalexin

• We have determined that recombination occurs late in the cell cycle, and that resolution is blocked if cell division is inhibited with cephalexin or by a ftsZts mutation [20].
• Cefazolin and cephalexin kinetics in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis [21].
• Pharmacokinetics of alafosfalin, alone and in combination with cephalexin, in humans [22].
• The pH and metal ion dependence of k(cat) and k(cat)/K(m), determined under steady-state conditions, for the cobalt substituted BcII catalyzed hydrolysis of cefoxitin, cephaloridine, and cephalexin indicate that an enzyme residue of apparent pK(a) 6.3 +/- 0.1 is required in its deprotonated form for metal ion binding and catalysis [23].
• Competition studies with cephalexin indicate that human intestinal Caco-2 cells may be a useful model system for initially guiding structure-activity relationships for the rational design of new oral agents [24].

Anatomical context of cephalexin

• Respiration with and the uptake of succinate and ADP were measured in rabbit renal cortical mitochondria exposed for 2 to 6 h to 300 to 3,000 micrograms of cephalexin (nontoxic) or cephaloglycin or imipenem (nephrotoxic) per mL and then washed to remove the antibiotic [25].
• 3-day course of ofloxacin versus cefalexin in the treatment of urinary tract infections in postmenopausal women [26].
• Compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities and for their ability to inhibit 1 mM cephalexin uptake and, subsequently, uptake into Caco-2 cells [24].
• Therefore, a systematic study of the interaction among seven PGP substrates (phenazine, doxorubicin, cephalexin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, penicillin G, and quercetin) and two modulators (quinidine and nicardipine) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) model membranes is reported here [27].
• DAP attachment was partially inhibited by the structural analogues lanthionine, L-ornithine, beta-aminobutyric acid, and D-serine, as well as the cell wall synthesis inhibitors penicillin G, ampicillin, and cephalexin [28].

Associations of cephalexin with other chemical compounds

• In vitro susceptibility studies with cefaclor and cephalexin [29].
• Comparative pharmacokinetics of cephalexin, cefaclor, cefadroxil, and CGP 9000 [30].
• In comparative studies cefixime had similar efficacy to amoxicillin +/- clavulanic acid, cefaclor, cefalexin, cefuroxime axetil and clarithromycin [31].
• The presence of serum in the chambers significantly reduced bacterial killing by dicloxacillin but not by cephalexin during the first 6 h (two-way analysis of variance, F = 6.04, P less than 0.05) but not at 24 h [32].
• Single-dose fosfomycin trometamol versus 5-day cephalexin regimen for treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in women [33].

Gene context of cephalexin

• In addition, FtsK-GFP localized to potential division sites in cephalexin-induced and ftsI mutant filaments, further supporting the idea that FtsK-GFP can target early, perhaps by recognizing FtsZ directly [34].
• Cefadroxil, cefaclor, cyclacillin, cephradine, cephalexin and moxalactam were recognized by PEPT2 with very high affinity comparable to that of natural dipeptides (K(i)=3-100microM) [35].
• Organisms producing these beta-lactamases, but not TEM-2 and CEP-1, appeared to be more susceptible to LY163892 than cephalexin, although cephalexin proved to be more resistant to beta-lactamase activity [36].
• Among the beta-lactams the most active were the cephalosporins (cephalexin, cefamandol, ceftazidin, and a sulbactam-ampicillin combination) in inducing the release of TNF, IL-1 alpha, and IL-6 from monocytes, and releasing IL-4 and IFN-tau from lymphocytes [37].
• Both tests (ex vivo ¿animal model¿ and in vitro) showed that the cephalexin was more active than ceftriaxone against non-producing Beta-lactamase S.aureus (p<0.01) [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of cephalexin

• We observed 17 cephalexin group patients for 545 patient-weeks (160 cephalexin courses) and 18 control group patients for 477 patient-weeks [1].
• Prophylactic cephalexin ineffective in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis [39].
• Oral administration of 500 mg of the phosphonodipeptide plus 250 mg of the beta-lactam antibiotic gave approximately equal concentrations of the drugs in plasma, with a fourfold excess of cephalexin in the urine [22].
• Blood cephalexin concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography, and the data were analyzed by a noncompartmental method and by fitting a bicompartmental model by a nonlinear mixed-effect modeling approach [40].
• Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for the separation of cefalexin and its related substances [41].

References