Disease relevance of ADC

• In E. coli, in which polyamine biosynthesis is mediated both by ornithine decarboxylase and by arginine decarboxylase, three proteins (one acidic and two basic) have been purified, each of which inhibits both these enzymes [1].
• In patients with ADC or CNS-OIs, CSF suPAR levels correlated with CSF HIV-1 RNA, but not with plasma suPAR concentrations [2].
• To investigate the role of the uPA/uPAR system in the pathophysiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex (ADC), we measured soluble uPAR (suPAR) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients and controls [2].
• The highest levels of suPAR were found in patients with ADC, and among those with CNS-OIs in patients with cytomegalovirus encephalitis or cryptococcosis [2].
• Hemiparesis and hemisensory disturbance occurred in 23 patients (85%); 15 had preexisting ADC, 7 stage 1 and 8 stage 2; 3 developed ADC after 18 months [3].

Psychiatry related information on ADC

• In patients with ADC, MAA uptake mainly depends on alcohol consumption [4].
• The AIDS dementia complex (ADC, also referred to as HIV-associated cognitive impairment) is a common disorder among HIV-infected patients associated with both inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes [5].
• The value of prospective serial neuropsychological, neuroradiological and neurophysiological measurements to assist diagnosis of ADC/HACC in patients with premorbid personality disorder and intercurrent drug use is demonstrated [6].
• The relevance of the 1984 Mental Health Act (Scotland) with regard to drug users with ADC/HACC is discussed [6].
• The innervation in human taste buds of the foliate and circumvallate papillae was studied immunohistochemically using several neuronal markers in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their control (ADC) patients [7].

High impact information on ADC

• A genome-wide screen for genetic linkage in a large family with an autosomal dominant form of Caffey disease (ADC) revealed a locus on chromosome 17q21 (LOD score, 6.78) [8].
• Also, the ADC inhibitor difluoromethylarginine inhibited L-arginine-dependent restoration of parasite replication rates, while the protection from DNA fragmentation persisted [9].
• In aggregate, these results indicate that T. cruzi epimastigotes can undergo programmed cell death that can be inhibited by L-arginine by means of (i) a *NO synthase-dependent *NO production that suppresses apoptosis and (ii) an ADC-dependent production of polyamines that support parasite proliferation [9].
• Myocardial uptake of 111In monoclonal antimyosin antibodies (MAA) was used to study myocardial damage in patients with idiopathic (IDC) and alcoholic (ADC) dilated cardiomyopathy and to assess its prognostic implications [4].
• Moreover, in several studies, TSA was capable of inducing DNA demethylation even in the absence of ADC [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of ADC

• We have investigated the reactivity of human pulmonary squamous carcinomas (SSC, n = 20) and adenocarcinomas (ADC, n = 20) with monoclonal antibodies to the cytoplasmic and extracellular domains of the integrin subunits alpha3 and alpha6 [11].
• We investigated the effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (ADC) (a specific inhibitor of DNA methylation) on differentiation, Lewisy (Ley) antigen expression, and DNA fragmentation (a biochemical marker of apoptosis) in human pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 cells [12].
• Inhibition of ornithine or arginine decarboxylase as an experimental approach to African or American trypanosomiasis [13].

Biological context of ADC

• The cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence of this human ADC clone is distinct from ADC of other forms [14].
• Transfection of mouse Odcp in HEK 293T cells elicited an increase in ODC activity, but no signs of arginine decarboxylase activity were evident [15].
• Agmatine, an amine formed by decarboxylation of L-arginine by arginine decarboxylase (ADC), has been recently discovered in mammalian brain and other tissues [14].
• The same mutation was identified in affected members of 2 unrelated, smaller families with ADC, but not in 2 prenatal cases and not in more than 300 chromosomes from healthy individuals [8].
• The results suggest the essential role of ADC in the mitosis of plant cells [16].

Anatomical context of ADC

• In vitro translated ODC-p did not decarboxylate ornithine, whereas, in vivo, one splice variant exerted modest ODC-like activity upon expression in COS-7 cells [17].
• Expression of a novel human ornithine decarboxylase-like protein in the central nervous system and testes [17].
• On the other hand, whereas the ODCp protein was mainly localized in the mitochondrial/membrane fraction, ODC activity was found in the cytosolic fraction and was markedly decreased by small interfering RNA against human ODC [15].
• Both ADC mRNA and ADC protein localized in dividing cells of embryo meristems and more specifically within the mitotic spindle apparatus and close to the chromosomes, respectively [16].
• The purpose of this study is to elucidate changes in mean diffusivity (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) using MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the central nervous system during normal aging [18].

Associations of ADC with chemical compounds

• ODC-p has a unique mutation in cysteine 360, where this ornithine decarboxylase reaction-directing residue is substituted by a valine [17].
• While naive COS-7 cells do not make agmatine, these cells are able to produce agmatine, as measured by HPLC, when transfected with ADC cDNA [14].
• CONCLUSION: Proton MR spectroscopic imaging shows extensive metabolic changes and is more sensitive than conventional MR imaging in the detection of central nervous system involvement in ADC [19].
• We conclude that irrespective of architectural and cytologic variants, transformed mesothelial cells possess an integrin repertory that differs significantly from that of most ADC, including those of the lung [20].
• Rats (n = 10) were subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and diffusion weighted MRI (DWI) was performed at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 h after MCAO to determine the ADC viability threshold yielding the lesion volumes that best approximated the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) infarct volumes at 24 h (experiment 1) [21].

Regulatory relationships of ADC

• However, sustained decreases in rrCBV and ADC values may indicate that even low ecstasy doses can induce prolonged vasoconstriction in some brain areas, although it is not known whether this effect is permanent [22].

Other interactions of ADC

• ODC-p might also function as a brain- and testis-specific AZI [17].
• We found that IL-6 mRNA was highly expressed in all tumor biopsy samples analyzed (4 LLC, 3 ADC and 3 SCC) [23].
• These data suggest that the induction of NGF and bFGF alone appears to be insufficient as a compensatory mechanism to prevent ADC [24].
• The cellular and regional distribution of NFkappaB, TNF-alpha, and apoptosis was examined in the frontal cortex (FC), deep white matter (DWM) and the basal ganglia (BG) of 17 patients with ADC [25].
• CONCLUSIONS: Transient neurological deficits occur in advanced HIV-1 disease and are often associated with ADC, elevated concentrations of anticardiolipin antibodies, and low protein S levels [3].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ADC

• Northern blot analysis using the cDNA probe indicated the expression of ADC message in selective human brain regions and other human tissues [14].
• A direct interaction between ODCp and AZs was detected by immunoprecipitation experiments [15].
• This article addresses the question posed in the title by examining the effects of parameters traditionally associated with improved absolute quantitation, on the analysis of 12 acquired immune deficiency syndrome dementia complex (ADC) patients compared to a normal control group [26].
• DW MR imaging yielded a total apparent diffusion coefficient including diffusion and microperfusion (ADC(tot)), as well as an ADC reflecting predominantly pure diffusion (ADC(D)) and the perfusion fraction [27].
• It is called the "ADC method", since estimation of FNR is based on "Accidentally Detected Carcinoma". ADC is a carcinoma detected by chance upon close examination because of abnormalities falsely pointed out in the first stage of the mass survey (mass screening) in a region other than the one in which carcinoma is located [28].

References