Disease relevance of Mass Screening

• Lung cancer increases in incidence with increasing age and is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. While mass screening for lung cancer is not indicated, selective screening of high-risk target groups may be beneficial [1].
• A mass screening system for the early detection by means of a vanillylmandelic acid test of neuroblastoma in 6-month-old infants in Japan has been developed in eight districts [2].
• In mass screening system using PSA alone, rescreening interval should be set in the same manner as in individual-based screening, except for men with baseline PSA levels of 1.1 to 2.0 ng/ml, which should be set at 1 year to avoid developing incurable prostate cancer [3].
• Combined with tyrosine determination, it constitutes an optimal device for mass screening of hereditary tyrosinemia [4].
• Risk factors of end-stage renal disease and serum creatinine in a community-based mass screening [5].

Psychiatry related information on Mass Screening

• Before recommendations on mass screening of cholesterol in children are made, the different longitudinal patterns of changes in cholesterol levels, and subpopulation-specific changes of nutritional habits and physical activity, should be discussed [6].

High impact information on Mass Screening

• Capillary blood glucose in mass screening for diabetes [7].
• Through mass screening of newborn infants, we identified a novel and prevalent GALK variant (designated here as the "Osaka" variant) associated with an A198V mutation in three infants with mild GALK deficiency [8].
• During the first year of mass screening for alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency, 108,000 newborn Swedish infants were examined [9].
• Because Wee1 kinase is crucial in maintaining G(2) arrest through its inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc2, we developed a high-throughput mass screening assay and used it to screen chemical library for Wee1 inhibitors [10].
• Phylogenic analysis based on sequencing analysis of multiple HDV strains isolated from sera of patients is not convenient for mass screening in routine laboratories [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Mass Screening

• The dual-channel system provides the means to incorporate a low-incidence test, i.e., galactosemia (incidence 1/70 000), into an existing program for phenylalanine analysis, for which the higher rates (phenylketonuria, incidence 1/11 500) easily justify the cost of mass screening [12].
• We have developed a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay of thyroxine and thyrotropin for mass screening for neonatal hypothyroidism [13].
• CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity, accuracy and amenability to high-throughput analysis makes the MALDI-TOF MS-based assay suitable for mass screening of HBV infected patients receiving lamivudine, and can help provide further understanding of disease progression and response to therapy [14].
• Until we know this information the urge to promote mass screening for cholesterol levels should be restrained, and only those who are at high risk of coronary heart disease should be selected for the determination of their cholesterol levels [15].
• Serial measurement of urinary VMA and HVA levels from one infant: a study for neuroblastoma mass screening [16].

Biological context of Mass Screening

• Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for p73 was observed in 19% (28/151) of informative cases which included 92 mass-screening (MS) tumors [17].
• An automated mass-screening approach is proposed for the study of various post-translational modifications to understand the distribution of those protein isoforms separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [18].
• Initial mass screening and subsequent structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies have identified 4b (PD138387) as the most potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor within the thiazolone and oxazolone series of di-tert-butylphenols [19].
• The rapidly developing fields of microchips technology and proteomics may allow rapid and cost-effective mass screening of multiple risk factors for SCD [20].
• The level of Id2 mRNA expression was not influenced by the patient's age, gender, tumor's clinical stage, DNA ploidy pattern, histological pattern, the level of N-myc mRNA expression and whether the patient was found by mass screening or by symptom [21].

Anatomical context of Mass Screening

• After a mass screening programme of over 60,000 blood donations, 45 HPA-1a-negative donors with no antibodies to HPA, HLA, red cell antigens and granulocytes/lymphocytes, and with low titre anti-A and/or -B were accredited [22].
• The Beutler spot test employed in mass-screening for galactosaemia in newborns requires several intrinsic erythrocyte enzymes such as G6PD for its reaction and can theoretically detect G6PD deficiency apart from galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency [23].
• Mass screening of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels for the prenatal detection of fetuses with neural tube defects (NTDs) was introduced in Natal during 1979 [24].
• In spite of the recognized limitations for the use of the BM test on meconium for mass screening of CF, this study has contributed to the increased awareness of the occurrence of CF among Jordanian children [25].

Associations of Mass Screening with chemical compounds

• Mass screening for 6-month-old infants was performed by qualitative assessment of urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) from June 1981 to September 1989 and by quantitative measurement of VMA/creatinine (Cre) and homovanillic acid (HVA)/Cre from October 1989 to December 1992 [26].
• From 1991 to 1994, about 4,500,000 infants underwent CAH mass screening in Japan. During this period, we identified by screening 2 siblings and 2 unrelated patients who had mild elevation of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels at 5 days of age, but who revealed no symptoms of CAH [27].
• Results demonstrated the prognostic significance of serum creatinine in a community-based mass screening [5].
• As part of a program to develop dopamine D4 antagonists for the treatment of schizophrenia, we discovered a series of 6- and 7-(phenylpiperazinyl)- and -(phenylpiperidinyl)methylbenzoxazinones through mass screening of our compound library [28].
• We found this application to be successful and practical for mass screening of dioxin exposure in clinical samples [29].

Gene context of Mass Screening

• Initial mass screening and subsequent SAR studies have identified 6b (PD164387) as a potent, selective, and orally active COX-2 inhibitor [30].
• CONCLUSIONS: The quantitative Beutler test can provide precise GALT activity in newborn mass screening, and can take into consideration the influence of high temperature and humidity, duration between sampling and testing, and anemia [31].
• High levels of Nbla03145/ECEL1 expression were significantly correlated with a younger age (p=0.0005), lower stages (p=0.0019), high level of TrkA expression (p</=0.00005), a single copy of MYCN (p<0.00005) and the tumors found by mass screening (p<0.00005) [32].
• We examined serum NM23-H1 protein levels in 217 patients with neuroblastoma, including 131 found by mass-screening and 86 found clinically by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and determined the association between levels of this protein, and known prognostic factors or the clinical outcome [33].
• Here we present the results of a study of six affected Romani families from Bulgaria, where index patients with galactokinase deficiency have been detected by the mass screening [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Mass Screening

• We recommend that, for small clinical studies using urinary Hg concentration, 24-hr sampling would be ideal, but that for mass screenings and cross-sectional studies, spot samples may be useful because they correlate fairly well with 24-hr averages (creatinine adjusted, r = 0.61; unadjusted, r = 0.74) [35].
• This rapid and sensitive method for pterin determination in biological fluids may be useful in the differential diagnosis of the various hyperphenylalaninemic conditions identified by neonatal mass screening programmes [36].
• Collectively, we developed a novel and useful ELISA system for the mass screening of PPAR gamma ligands [37].
• We carried out mass screening of sera from seropositive donors by a gelatin particle agglutination test to prevent the spread of HTLV-I by transfusion [38].
• Since April 1981, the city of Sapporo, Japan, has conducted a mass screening program to measure urinary vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillylic acid using high-performance liquid chromatography [39].

References