Disease relevance of Nrtn

• Therefore, our results suggest that neurturin is a good candidate for the treatment of this neurodegenerative disorder [1].
• Dopaminergic neuroprotection and regeneration by neurturin assessed by using behavioral, biochemical and histochemical measurements in a model of progressive Parkinson's disease [2].
• PURPOSE: Dysregulation of neurturin (NTN) expression has been linked to photoreceptor apoptosis in a mouse model of inherited retinal degeneration [3].

Psychiatry related information on Nrtn

• Neurturin protects striatal projection neurons but not interneurons in a rat model of Huntington's disease [1].

High impact information on Nrtn

• Neurturin shares receptors and signal transduction pathways with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in sympathetic neurons [4].
• First, Ret may interact with the alpha-receptors expressed in the same cells (termed interaction "in cis") in many tissues and cell populations that respond to GDNF and/or neurturin, such as the substantia nigra, dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord motoneurons, kidney, and intestine [5].
• Both GDNF and neurturin signal via a two-component receptor complex that consists of a ligand-binding GDNF family receptor (GFRalpha-1 or GFRalpha-2) and the receptor protein tyrosine kinase Ret [5].
• Neurturin, a member of the glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor familys of ligands, is important for development of many cranial parasympathetic ganglion neurons [6].
• Neurturin signalling via GFRalpha2 is essential for innervation of glandular but not muscle targets of sacral parasympathetic ganglion neurons [6].

Chemical compound and disease context of Nrtn

• Using intrastriatal quinolinic acid (QUIN) injection as an animal model of Huntington's disease, we attempt to identify the neurotransmitter phenotype of striatal projection neurons protected by neurturin (NRTN) [7].

Biological context of Nrtn

• On the other hand, GDNF but not neurturin promoted cell survival, and this could be blocked by the p44/p42 MAP kinase inhibitor PD98059 [8].
• We have investigated the sacral component of the parasympathetic nervous system in mice with gene deletions for neurturin or its preferred receptor, GFRalpha2 [6].
• In conclusion, an intrastriatal injection of neurturin is a useful method to protect nigral dopaminergic neurons from extensive cell death in a model of progressive Parkinson's disease, as well as to promote the axonal regeneration and dopaminergic function [2].
• Exposure of these cells to neurturin significantly augmented cell numbers via increased cell proliferation [9].

Anatomical context of Nrtn

• Neuroprotective utility and neurotrophic action of neurturin in postnatal motor neurons: comparison with GDNF and persephin [10].
• Here, we report that neurturin, like GDNF, increases the choline acetyltransferase activity of normal postnatal motor neurons, induces neurite outgrowth in spinal cord, and potently protects motor neurons from chronic glutamate-mediated degeneration [10].
• Persephin, a third GDNF family member, shares many properties with neurturin and GDNF in the central nervous system and in kidney development [11].
• To compare the signaling profiles of GDNF and neurturin, we have identified a cell line, NG108-15, which endogenously expresses RET and GFRalpha1 but not GFRalpha2-4 [8].
• Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurturin (NTN) and their receptors (GFRalpha1, GFRalpha2 and Ret) play an important role in the survival of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system [12].

Associations of Nrtn with chemical compounds

• Intrastriatal grafting of neurturin-secreting cells protected striatal projection neurons, but not interneurons, from quinolinate excitotoxicity [1].
• Eight weeks after the 6-OHDA lesion, dopamine concentration significantly increased in the striatum of neurturin-treated animals with improvement of methamphetamine-induced rotation behavior [2].
• Heparin coinfusion during convection-enhanced delivery (CED) increases the distribution of the glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) ligand family in rat striatum and enhances the pharmacological activity of neurturin [13].
• NGF but not GDNF or neurturin enhance acetylcholine tissue levels in striatal organotypic brain slices [14].
• Changes of mRNA levels of GDNF and its recently discovered congeners persephin, neurturin, artemin in the striatum of lesioned side following 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion in rodents were investigated with semi-quantitative RT-PCR [15].

Other interactions of Nrtn

• Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its relative neurturin (NTN) are both potent trophic factors for motoneurons [16].
• Responsiveness to neurturin of subpopulations of embryonic rat spinal motoneuron does not correlate with expression of GFR alpha 1 or GFR alpha 2 [16].
• Immunoblot data showed that GDNF caused a transient activation, whereas neurturin caused a sustained activation, of both p44/p42 MAP kinases and PLCgamma [8].
• RT-PCR analysis demonstrated expression of mRNA for NGF, BDNF, GDNF and neurturin (NTN) [17].
• To overcome this limitation, we examined the effects of heparin coinfusion on V(d) of glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurturin (NTN), artemin, and a nonspecifically bound protein, albumin [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Nrtn

• However, TH-immunoreactive fibers were thicker and more abundant in the striatum of the neurturin-treated rats compared to those of the control group, suggesting neurturin-induced growth of the dopaminergic axons [2].
• Neurturin treatment significantly increased RGC survival after axotomy (745+/-94) similar to GDNF (868+/-110) [18].
• Expression of mRNAs for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurturin (NTN) and their receptors was studied in adult rat brain using in situ hybridization after 40 kindling-evoked, rapidly recurring seizures or 10 min of global forebrain ischaemia [19].
• Copy numbers of mRNAs for GFRalpha-1 and GFRalpha-2, the preferred receptors for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NTN) were determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) [20].

References