Disease relevance of Gdnf

• Potential role of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptors in Müller glial cells during light-induced retinal degeneration [1].
• Intrastriatal administration of human immunodeficiency virus-1 glycoprotein 120 reduces glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor levels and causes apoptosis in the substantia nigra [2].
• Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor receptor mRNAs are expressed in distinct subgroups of dorsal root ganglion neurons and are differentially regulated by peripheral axotomy in the rat [3].
• Synaptic targeting of retrogradely transported trophic factors in motoneurons: comparison of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and cardiotrophin-1 with tetanus toxin [4].
• Intraventricular delivery of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) results in weight loss [5].

Psychiatry related information on Gdnf

• Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor attenuates the excitotoxin-induced behavioral and neurochemical deficits in a rodent model of Huntington's disease [6].
• In glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-treated aged and young rats there was significantly increased (242% and 149%, respectively) locomotor activity measured at seven days [7].

High impact information on Gdnf

• Glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes survival of embryonic dopaminergic neurons in culture, and its expression pattern suggests a role as a transient target-derived trophic factor for dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra [8].
• GDNF: a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons [9].
• Further treatment of the induced neuronal cells with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) increased the proportion of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive and dopamine-producing cells [10].
• EDNRB signaling may be required to modulate the response of neural crest progenitors to migratory cues, such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) [11].
• Prominent members of this family include the TGF-beta s 1-5, activins, bone morphogenetic proteins and a recently discovered glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Gdnf

• Neither PD 173074 nor SU 5402, at 100 times their IC(50) values, interfered with the survival of dorsal root ganglion neurons promoted by nerve growth factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, or glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor [13].
• Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor protects dopaminergic neurons from 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity in vitro [14].
• Antipsychotic drugs cause glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor secretion from C6 glioma cells [15].
• Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to protect and restore dopamine (DA) neurons in injury models and is being evaluated for the treatment of Parkinson's disease [16].
• Expression of Ret receptor tyrosine kinase after transient forebrain ischemia is modulated by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in rat hippocampus [17].

Biological context of Gdnf

• Complementary and overlapping expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), c-ret proto-oncogene, and GDNF receptor-alpha indicates multiple mechanisms of trophic actions in the adult rat CNS [18].
• The initial upregulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by Schwann cells of the distal nerve stump after nerve injury has led to the speculation that they are important for motor axonal regeneration [19].
• Our aim was to determine gene expression patterns of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family (GDNF) members and their receptors in the auditory nerve and inferior colliculus of deafened rats [20].
• Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) activates protein kinase Akt/PKB by phosphorylation (p-Akt) which plays key roles in cell survival [21].
• Regulation of natural cell death in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra by striatal glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in vivo [22].

Anatomical context of Gdnf

• Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a specific neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons, but the mechanism underlying the neurotrophic action of GDNF is not well known [23].
• Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-induced signaling in Schwann cells [24].
• Here, we examined whether glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a known neurotrophic factor for dopaminergic neurons and motor neurons, could provide neurotrophic support to RGC in adult rats [25].
• Localization of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha and c-ret mRNA in rat central nervous system [26].
• This effect was much more robust than that reported previously for a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-secreting cell line on striatal calbindin-positive neurons [27].

Associations of Gdnf with chemical compounds

• Long-term glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in the intact nigrostriatal system in rats leads to a decrease of dopamine and increase of tetrahydrobiopterin production [28].
• In order to determine the physiological effect of melatonin on glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which is reportedly up-regulated by high doses of this hormone, concentration-dependent studies were carried out in cultured cells [29].
• Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), an important factor for developing and lesioned pre- and postganglionic sympathetic neurons, and its congeners signal through a receptor complex consisting of the tyrosine kinase c-Ret and a lipid-anchored alpha receptor (GFR alpha 1-4) [30].
• Here, we compared the signaling mechanisms for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, focusing on the mitogen-associated protein kinase and the transcription factor cyclic-AMP responsive element-binding protein [31].
• All of the neurochemical deficits induced by striatal quinolinic acid lesions were attenuated by intraventricular delivery of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor [6].

Physical interactions of Gdnf

• Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to signal through a multicomponent receptor complex consisting of the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase and a member of the GFRalpha family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored receptors [32].

Regulatory relationships of Gdnf

• Exposure to GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) induced de novo expression of functional receptors for Bv8 in a nonpeptidergic population of neurons [33].
• Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor stimulates the morphological differentiation of cultured ventral mesencephalic calbindin- and calretinin-expressing neurons [34].
• Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promotes the arborization of cultured striatal neurons through the p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway [35].
• Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor up-regulates GTP-cyclohydrolase I activity and tetrahydrobiopterin levels in primary dopaminergic neurones [36].
• Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor modulates ischemia-induced tyrosine hydroxylase expression in rat hippocampus [37].

Other interactions of Gdnf

• Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor sustain the axonal regeneration of chronically axotomized motoneurons in vivo [19].
• Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its relative neurturin (NTN) are both potent trophic factors for motoneurons [38].
• Upregulation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and artemin mRNA in the auditory nerve of deafened rats [20].
• Individually, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are potent neurotrophic/survival factors for postnatal motor neurons [39].
• Our results would be consistent with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor expression in mature olfactory neurons being dependent upon functional synaptic contact with the olfactory bulb [40].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Gdnf

• We examined the colocalization of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor genes in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and investigated the changes of the gene expression following sciatic nerve transection using in situ hybridization histochemistry [3].
• Immunohistochemistry showed that ECs expressed nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) [41].
• Brain delivery of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to protect and restore the dopaminergic pathway in various animal models of PD [28].
• Total RNA from rat Schwann cells grown in culture and adult rat skeletal muscle was reverse transcribed, amplified for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) messenger RNA (mRNA) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the PCR products sequenced [42].
• Furthermore, hNSCs expressed and released glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in vitro and when grafted in vivo, as detected by RT-PCR, immunostaining, microdialysis and ELISA [43].

References