Disease relevance of Ileus

• In a child or young adult with known or suspected cystic fibrosis, the triad of recurrent colicky abdominal pain, a mass in the right lower quadrant, and mechanical intestinal obstruction provides a clue to diagnosis of meconium ileus equivalent [1].
• Peritonitis induced a 57% inhibition of gastric emptying and intestinal transit that was reversed by fedotozine (1-10 mg/kg, subcutaneously) or kappa-agonists (U-50, 488H, bremazocine) but not delta-agonists (DPDPE, [D-Ala2]-deltorphin-II), whereas mu-agonists (morphine, fentanyl) potentiated ileus [2].
• A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on the following outcome parameters: age at diagnosis, sweat chloride, meconium ileus at birth, height, weight, weight for height, FVC, FEV1, chest X-ray score, pseudomonas colonization, pancreatic sufficiency, and Shwachman clinical score [3].
• The loss of these functions explains many of the manifestations of the cystic fibrosis disease (CF), including lung and pancreatic failure, meconium ileus, and male infertility [4].
• The development of the exocrine pancreas has been determined quantitatively in 31 infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) both with and without meconium ileus and in 29 control infants [5].

High impact information on Ileus

• Intestinal ileus was completely reversed with the administration of thyroid hormone [6].
• We investigated the CRF receptor subtypes involved in gastric postoperative ileus [7].
• Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1-deficient mice do not develop postoperative gastric ileus [7].
• Inhaled carbon monoxide suppresses the development of postoperative ileus in the murine small intestine [8].
• Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning and cross-tolerance: the induction of protective mechanisms for rat intestinal ileus [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ileus

• They were treated with rectal cisapride (30 mg three times daily) or placebo until the clinical resolution of ileus [10].
• In capsaicin-treated rats, however, adrenoceptor blockade was without effect on the irritation-induced ileus [11].
• CONCLUSION: Fedotozine reverses experimental ileus via an action at peripheral kappa-opioid receptors [2].
• Loperamide-induced ileus [12].
• Does cimetidine cause ileus in the burned patient [13]?

Biological context of Ileus

• In conclusion, LD is a relatively frequent and early complication of CF, whose detection should be focused at the first life decade in patients with history of meconium ileus, male sex, or severe genotype [14].
• The CFTR null mouse [cystic fibrosis (CF) mouse] has a severe intestinal phenotype that serves as a model for CF-related growth deficiency, meconium ileus, and distal intestinal obstructive syndrome [15].
• Recovery of gastrointestinal motility from post-operative ileus in dogs: effects of Leu13-motilin (KW-5139) and prostaglandin F2 alpha [16].
• CONCLUSION: Continuous infusion of 0.4-0.8 mg/h of neostigmine promotes defecation in ICU patients with a colonic ileus without important adverse reactions [17].
• Does metoclopramide reduce the length of ileus after colorectal surgery? A prospective randomized trial [18].

Anatomical context of Ileus

• MCP-1 causes leukocyte recruitment and subsequently endotoxemic ileus in rat [19].
• Results show that resident muscularis macrophage-derived MCP-1 plays a major role in the recruitment of monocytes during endotoxemia, which then subsequently secrete kinetically active substances that cause ileus [19].
• Capsaicin on the celiac/mesenteric ganglia (10-21 days before) reduced gastric ileus by 33 +/- 8%, whereas perivagal capsaicin had no effect [20].
• Previous studies suggest that capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons are involved in the mediation of postoperative gastric ileus [21].
• CONCLUSION: The inhibition of capsaicin-sensitive vagal afferent pathways appears to boost rather than to attenuate the inflammatory response during postoperative ileus, while intestinal motility remained unchanged [22].

Gene context of Ileus

• Differential salutary effects of nonselective and selective COX-2 inhibitors in postoperative ileus in rats [23].
• Endogenous CRF in the brain plays a role in mediating various forms of stressor-induced gastric stasis, including postoperative gastric ileus, and activates colonic transit and fecal excretion elicited by psychologically aversive or fearful stimuli [24].
• The intestines of Cftr deficient mice (CF mice: Cftrtm1Unc) are prone to obstruction by excessive mucus accumulation and are used as a model of meconium ileus and distal intestinal obstruction syndrome [25].
• CONCLUSIONS: Prostaglandins, through the induction of COX-2, are major participants in rodent postoperative ileus induced by intestinal manipulation [26].
• Therefore, we tested the protective effects of inhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and an endogenous haeme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) anti-inflammatory mediator on transplant induced inflammatory responses and intestinal ileus in the rat [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ileus

• It was found that in capsaicin-treated rats both forms of ileus, measured as inhibition of gastrointestinal transit, were significantly reduced as compared with vehicle-treated control animals [11].
• The effects of metoclopramide on postoperative ileus. A randomized double-blind study [28].
• It is suggested that the high plasma levels of vasopressin which are known to follow laparotomy may be a factor in the development of postoperative ileus [29].
• Lidocaine epidural anesthesia caused significantly more rapid resolution of the adynamic ileus (60.3% of the bowel filled with the marker meal vs. 30.9% in the controls in which saline was injected) [30].
• Liver injury after oral and rectal administration of N-acetylcysteine for meconium ileus equivalent in a patient with cystic fibrosis [31].

References