Disease relevance of Pancreas, Exocrine

• The carcinogenicity of SZ for the exocrine pancreas was further indicated by induction of ductular carcinomas by SZ plus BOP, the incidence of which was significantly higher (P less than .0001) than that induced by BOP alone [1].
• The effects of somatostatin on the secretions of the exocrine pancreas were studied in anesthetized and conscious fistula rats [2].
• Response of nude mouse-grown adenocarcinomas of the human exocrine pancreas to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), diammine[1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato(2-)-O,O'-platinum], and mitoguazone dihydrochloride [3].
• The effect of exogenously administered somatostatin (SRIF) on meal-stimulated secretions of the exocrine pancreas was studied in dogs with chronic pancreatic fistulas [4].
• PSTI peptide and mRNA were found in the exocrine pancreas, mucus-producing cells of the normal gastrointestinal tract, acinar component of the normal breast, and surface epithelial cells at the edge of benign gastric ulcers [5].

High impact information on Pancreas, Exocrine

• Archaeal orthologs are located within highly conserved operons that include homologs of RNA-processing genes, suggesting that SDS may be caused by a deficiency in an aspect of RNA metabolism that is essential for development of the exocrine pancreas, hematopoiesis and chrondrogenesis [6].
• We conclude from these results that c-K-ras somatic mutational activation is a critical event in the oncogenesis of most, if not all, human cancers of the exocrine pancreas [7].
• In endoplasmic reticulum vesicle preparations from rat exocrine pancreas, an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(InsP3)-sensitive, as well as an InsP3-insensitive, Ca2+ pool has been characterized [8].
• Intracellular messenger role of cyclic GMP in exocrine pancreas [9].
• On the other hand, basal and arginine-stimulated glucagon and insulin secretions were not significantly affected by these plasma concentrations of intravenous somatostatin suggesting that the exocrine pancreas might be more sensitive to somatostatin than the islet cells [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pancreas, Exocrine

• Importance of endogenous prostaglandins for the toxicity of cyclosporin A to rat endocrine and exocrine pancreas [11]?
• The stimulation of neogenesis was suggested by the high number of islets budding from pancreatic ducts in high glucose-high insulin and high glucose rats and by the presence of numerous clusters of few beta-cells within the exocrine pancreas in high insulin rats. beta-Cell hypertrophy was observed only in high glucose-high insulin rats [12].
• Furthermore, silibinin protects the exocrine pancreas from CiA toxicity [13].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1977 and 1994, 173 patients (60 men, 113 women, aged 43-77 years [mean, 59 years]) with unresectable adenocarcinoma of the exocrine pancreas were treated, 106 with neutron irradiation alone and 67 with concomitant chemotherapy (fluorouracil [5-FU]) [14].
• The results from our present study strongly suggest that the exocrine pancreas is very sensitive and susceptible to nicotine toxicity [15].

Biological context of Pancreas, Exocrine

• BACKGROUND & AIMS: The action of several exocrine pancreas secretagogues depends on the second messenger inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3), which, via endoplasmic reticulum-located IP3 receptors, mobilizes intracellular Ca2+ stores [16].
• Somatostatin 28: comparison with somatostatin 14 for plasma kinetics and low-dose effects on the exocrine pancreas in dogs [17].
• Transcriptional regulation of the human carboxyl ester lipase gene in exocrine pancreas. Evidence for a unique tissue-specific enhancer [18].
• Temporal dissociation between cell proliferation and eosinophilic foci development in the exocrine pancreas of rats initiated with 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide and administered soybean trypsin inhibitor [19].
• Chromosome arm 18q harbors the SMAD4/DPC4 tumor suppressor gene that is frequently deleted and inactivated in tumors of the exocrine pancreas [20].

Anatomical context of Pancreas, Exocrine

• The effects of carbamylcholine (CCH, 100 mug per hr) and of atropine (0.25, 1.0, and 10.0 mg per hr) on the response of the exocrine pancreas to secretin (0.1, 0.5, and 5.0 clinic units per hr) were studied using the isolated canine pancreas perfused with whole heparin-treated blood [21].
• Local secretion of complement C3 in the exocrine pancreas: ductal epithelial cells as a possible biosynthetic site [22].
• Immunoblotting of cytosol protein from intestinal mucosa, exocrine pancreas, epididymal adipose tissue, kidney, brain, and spleen failed to reveal the glucokinase protein [23].
• The Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome (MIM 557000) is a disorder involving the hematopoietic system and the exocrine pancreas in early infancy [24].
• Identification of a vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-like membrane protein in zymogen granules of the rat exocrine pancreas [25].

Associations of Pancreas, Exocrine with chemical compounds

• Two lines of evidence indicated that this effect of glucose on the exocrine pancreas was mediated by endogenous insulin release [26].
• Diethylnitrosamine [(DEN) CAS: 55-18-5] caused neoplasms of the exocrine pancreas in rivulus, Rivulus ocellatus marmoratus, a self-fertilizing hermaphroditic fish, after a single exposure to 810, 270, or 130 mg DEN/liter or after a continuous exposure to 50, 17, or 9 mg DEN/liter [27].
• Our results indicate that the exocrine pancreas acquired a responsiveness to urecholine on the 3rd day of postnatal life and becomes more sensitive to stimulation from the 15th day [28].
• The effects of pancreatic polypeptide, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and glucagon on plasma amino acid uptake by the exocrine pancreas were studied in 12 healthy volunteers aged 22-31 years [29].
• A novel nonneuronal catecholaminergic system: exocrine pancreas synthesizes and releases dopamine [30].

Gene context of Pancreas, Exocrine

• Peptide YY. Structure of the precursor and expression in exocrine pancreas [31].
• In contrast, in the exocrine pancreas, a greater number of acinar cells showed immunoreactivity for TGF-beta 1 than for TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta 3 [32].
• These findings suggest that TGF alpha may act through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms to excessively activate the overexpressed EGF receptor in the two major cell types of the exocrine pancreas, thereby contributing to the pathobiology of this disorder [33].
• P2X7 nucleotide receptors modulate a spectrum of cellular events in various cells including epithelia, such as exocrine pancreas [34].
• Expression and immunolocalization of aquaporin water channels in rat exocrine pancreas [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pancreas, Exocrine

• In the present study evidence is presented that cathepsin B is abundantly present in the secretory compartment of the human exocrine pancreas, as judged by immunogold electron microscopy [36].
• I summarize our experience in the development and use of two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/SDS gel electrophoresis for the study of soluble proteins, in particular those of the exocrine pancreas [37].
• The effect of atropine and truncal vagotomy on the latency of the secretory response of the exocrine pancreas to rapid intraduodenal injection of L-tryptophan, sodium oleate and HCl or to rapid intraportal injection of secretin or CCK octapeptide has been determined in conscious dogs with pancreatic fistulae [38].
• To determine whether alterations in the ratio of pancreatic to salivary amylase in sera caused alterations in over all renal clearance, the clearance of amylase was measured before and after the exocrine pancreas was stimulated with a prolonged intravenous infusion of secretin plus cholecystokinin [39].
• Intravenous injection of TRH and the TRH analogue induced little, if any, secretory response of the exocrine pancreas [40].

References