Disease relevance of Gastrointestinal Motility

• The effect of three doses of erythromycin on interdigestive gastrointestinal motility and on plasma motilin levels was studied in healthy volunteers and patients with diabetic gastroparesis [1].
• Impact of corticotropin-releasing hormone on gastrointestinal motility and adrenocorticotropic hormone in normal controls and patients with irritable bowel syndrome [2].
• Newer antiemetics with prokinetic properties (e.g. metoclopramide, domperidone and cisapride) have also been introduced in the management of gastrointestinal motility disturbances, and new anti-inflammatory salicylates (e.g. olsalazine and mesalazine) have been developed for the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases [3].
• Purified Shigella enterotoxin does not alter intestinal motility [4].
• Since CPE converts many prohormones to hormones, a deficiency of biologically active cholecystokinin is a likely contributor to enhanced susceptibility to cholelithiasis through compromising gallbladder contractility and small intestinal motility [5].

Psychiatry related information on Gastrointestinal Motility

• Prostaglandin E2: a neuromodulator in the central control of gastrointestinal motility and feeding behavior by calcitonin [6].
• A limited amount of information suggests that cortisol may have similar effects in inducing duodenal motor activity, and, thus, it may be possible to advance the timing and rate of development of intestinal motility in the very preterm infant by its use [7].
• Effects of psychological stress on small intestinal motility and expression of cholecystokinin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in plasma and small intestine in mice [8].

High impact information on Gastrointestinal Motility

• We studied the effects of octreotide on intestinal motility and plasma motilin concentrations in five fasting patients with scleroderma who had bacterial overgrowth and in six fasting normal subjects [9].
• Effect of octreotide on intestinal motility and bacterial overgrowth in scleroderma [9].
• However, the pS2 protein is similar in sequence to a porcine pancreatic protein that has been shown to inhibit gastrointestinal motility and gastric secretion [10].
• Central regulation of intestinal motility by somatostatin and cholecystokinin octapeptide [11].
• GDNF may be a potential therapeutic target for the gastrointestinal motility disorders related to diabetes [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Gastrointestinal Motility

• Serotonin may play a regulatory role in both gastrointestinal motility and sensitivity, as well as in affective dysregulation, in irritable bowel syndrome [13].
• Although alpha 2 agonists inhibit gastrointestinal motility in animals this study suggests that lidamidine hydrochloride does not have a useful therapeutic role in irritable bowel syndrome [14].
• Epidural lidocaine was compared to epidural saline in their effect on intestinal motility after a 30-min period of bowel ischemia [15].
• 5 PD 117302 did not cause respiratory depression, inhibition of gastrointestinal motility or naloxone-precipatated withdrawal jumping in mice, effects that are associated with actions at the mu-opioid receptor [16].
• BACKGROUND AND AIM: Despite its widespread use in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), limited clinical data exist on the effects of mebeverine hydrochloride on gastrointestinal motility [17].

Biological context of Gastrointestinal Motility

• The lack of one functioning Gdnf allele causes a spectrum of defects in gastrointestinal motility and predisposes the mutant mice to HSCR-like phenotypes [18].
• However, in contrast to SS, which strongly reduced intestinal blood flow and oxygen consumption and stimulated intestinal motility, Pro-SS, at the doses tested, had no influence on mesenteric circulation, oxygen uptake, and intestinal motility [19].
• These studies were designed to examine whether changes in intestinal motility may be responsible for the inhibitory effect of somatostatin on intestinal absorption [20].
• A recombinant human glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1-albumin protein (albugon) mimics peptidergic activation of GLP-1 receptor-dependent pathways coupled with satiety, gastrointestinal motility, and glucose homeostasis [21].
• The influence of the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury on gastrointestinal motility appears to be reflected in an impairment in the bioavailability of drugs [theophylline, paracetamol (acetaminophen), doxycycline] which are passively absorbed and which require an intact postprandial gastric emptying to ensure efficient absorption [22].

Anatomical context of Gastrointestinal Motility

• These findings support the hypothesis that somatostatin and cholecystokinin octapeptide act on central nervous system structures that are involved in the control of intestinal motility [11].
• In contrast, pacing of the jejunum increased postprandial small intestinal motility index (less than or equal to 68%), whereas the levels of the four hormones and plasma glucose were not different from those in controls [23].
• It is concluded that CCK is an important mediator of meal-induced gallbladder contraction and is involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility in man [24].
• Recent reports suggesting that the actions of certain neuroenteric peptides may be mediated in part by the secretion of histamine and other mast cell contents could have important implications for gastrointestinal motility and secretion [25].
• BACKGROUND: Recent studies in animals have shown that ghrelin stimulates upper gastrointestinal motility through the vagus and enteric nervous system [26].

Associations of Gastrointestinal Motility with chemical compounds

• Erythromycin mimics the effect of the gastrointestinal polypeptide motilin on gastrointestinal motility, probably by binding to motilin receptors and acting as a motilin agonist [27].
• Generalized sympathetic and vagal dysfunctions influence the response of patients with neuropathic chronic intestinal motility disorder to two doses of cisapride [28].
• We also investigated the effect of metoclopramide on plasma motilin concentration and gastrointestinal motility in these patients [29].
• The mode of action of synthetic substance P on intestinal motility was investigated in vitro [30].
• High concentrations of trimebutine may inhibit acetylcholine release via the mu- and kappa-opioid receptors, after which the intestinal motility is inhibited [31].

Gene context of Gastrointestinal Motility

• We hypothesised that peripheral administration of alpha-helical CRH (alphahCRH), a non-selective CRH receptor antagonist, would improve gastrointestinal motility, visceral perception, and negative mood in response to gut stimulation in IBS patients [32].
• It is likely that CCK has a physiological role not only in the stimulation of pancreatic and biliary secretions but also in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility [33].
• High expression of TRPV1 has been detected in several inflammatory diseases of the colon and ileum, whereas neuropeptides released upon sensory nerve stimulation triggered by TRPV1 activation seem to play a role in intestinal motility disorders [34].
• Studies have shown that neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, and PP increased gastrointestinal motility [35].
• Although ghrelin is involved in several other responses such as stress and intestinal motility, its potential role in intestinal inflammation is not clear [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Gastrointestinal Motility

• OBJECTIVE: The aim of this double-blind crossover study was to evaluate the effects of oral erythromycin (250 mg t.i.d.) on fasting and postprandial gastrointestinal motility and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with type I diabetes [37].
• The interaction between prostaglandin E1 and delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on intestinal motility and on the abdominal constriction response in the mouse [38].
• There has been increasing interest in the potential use of erythromycin as a prokinetic agent, despite limited data on the effect of oral administration on gastrointestinal motility [39].
• (3) PSP reduces intestinal motility in rabbits in vivo after intravenous and intraluminal administration, and in mice in vivo after subcutaneous injection [40].
• Effect of premedication with diazepam, morphine or nalbuphine on gastrointestinal motility after surgery [41].

References