Disease relevance of Administration, Rectal

• METHODS: Colitis was induced by rectal instillation of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in mice with a genetic deficiency of PARS (PARS-/-) and in wild-type littermates [1].
• The distribution of 14C activity in biliary bile acids after the rectal administration of [14C]cholic acid showed that patients with severe cirrhosis converted [14C]cholic to [14C]deoxycholic acid at a much slower rate than did cirrhotic patients with normal percentages of biliary deoxycholic acid [2].
• Wound infection and isolation of anaerobic organisms before and after intravenous and rectal administration of metronidazole were studied in 24 505 surgical patients [3].
• CONCLUSIONS: Rectal administration of bFGF might be a promising option for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease [4].
• We have previously shown that rectal administration of Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843 (strain 299v), with and without arginine, in an acute LI model significantly reduces the extent of the LI and reduces bacterial translocation [5].

Psychiatry related information on Administration, Rectal

• Sensory thresholds and proximal colonic motor responses were assessed following rectal distension by balloon inflation and rectal instillation of chenodeoxycholic acid [6].

High impact information on Administration, Rectal

• Rectal administration of metronidazole [7].
• Therapeutic effects of rectal administration of basic fibroblast growth factor on experimental murine colitis [4].
• METHODS: Butyrate oxidation was measured by means of a 14CO2-breath test after rectal instillation of 14C-butyrate [8].
• Rectal administration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Effect on rat gastric ulcerogenicity and prostaglandin E2 synthesis [9].
• Peak plasma concentrations of salmon calcitonin after rectal administration in six normal subjects were similar to those measured after parenteral administration [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Administration, Rectal

• Loss of consciousness after rectal administration of methohexital correlates well with the plasma concentration of the drug [11].
• In conclusion, rectal administration of diclofenac significantly reduces the incidence and severity of postoperative pruritus [12].
• Colitis was induced by rectal administration of 2mg of TNBS in 35% ethanol using a vinyl catheter positioned 4cm from the anus [13].
• The importance of SCFAs for the maintenance of colonic epithelium has been demonstrated in animal models of colitis produced by rectal instillation of an inhibitor of SCFA oxidation and in patients with diversion colitis in whom a segment of colonic epithelium was deprived of contact with luminal SCFAs [14].
• Experimental colitis was produced in rats by rectal instillation of 1 ml of 10 percent acetic acid, and 1.5 ml of a 20 percent suspension of sucralfate was then administered every 12 hours for various lengths of time [15].

Biological context of Administration, Rectal

• The bioavailability of commercially available valproic acid (VPA) syrup was studied following rectal administration in both dogs and children [16].
• Pharmacokinetics of zidovudine after rectal administration in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients [17].
• Circadian stage-dependent changes of valproic acid (VPA) kinetics was examined after rectal administration comparing after oral dosing [18].
• The hydrolysis of salicylic acid-glycylglycine conjugate (salicyl-glycylglycine) following oral, intravenous, intracaecal and rectal administration (434, 72, 36 and 36 mumol kg-1, respectively: equivalent to salicylic acid) was examined in rabbits to develop a novel prodrug of salicylic acid [19].
• In the baboon, rectal administration of ceftriaxone formulated with Capmul in a Witepsol H15 suppository gave Cmax levels ranging from 9 to 48 micrograms/ml, depending on the dose of the antibiotic and the drug/enhancer ratio [20].

Anatomical context of Administration, Rectal

• MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biopsies were taken from the rectum and sigmoid colon of the oral sulfasalazine group (n = 13) and the slow-release 5-ASA (mesalamine) group with (n = 5) or without (n = 11) rectal administration of 5-ASA [21].
• Laboratory studies indicate that rectal administration results in preferential accumulation of amifostine in the rectal mucosa, and in clinical studies, neither free parent compound nor free active metabolite has been detected in the systemic circulation [22].
• These studies indicate that the systemic availability of L-dopa from short-chain alkyl esters of L-dopa may be best optimized by rectal administration, which avoids the relatively high esterase activity characteristic of the small intestine [23].
• Utilizing abdominal wall electromyography, we tested the visceromotor response to tonic rectal distension (60 mm Hg/3 min) in fasted, conscious, male Lewis rats (n = 40) with a barostat device before and 2, 4, 15, and 17 weeks after rectal instillation of saline or trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid plus ethanol [24].
• We have shown that rectal administration of the microspheres reduced the numbers of resident macrophages in the intestinal lymphoid follicles of interleukin-10-deficient mice [25].

Associations of Administration, Rectal with chemical compounds

• Tissue damage was localised to the colon by the Auer technique of inducing local non-specific inflammation, by the rectal instillation of dilute formalin [26].
• The elimination half-lifes (t1/2els) lidocaine were about the same intravenously and orally, whereas these were slightly longer after rectal administration [27].
• The effects of intravenous propranolol infusion for 24 hr was compared with those of zero-order rectal administration by an osmotic delivery system in six healthy subjects [28].
• Absorption of levodopa after rectal administration [29].
• Disposition of morphine and its glucuronide metabolites after oral and rectal administration: evidence of route specificity [30].

Gene context of Administration, Rectal

• Mice genetically deficient of PARP-1 (PARP-1(-/-)) and wild-type littermates were subjected to rectal instillation of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) [31].
• RESULTS: Oral as well as rectal administration of iron resulted in increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production in IL-10-/- mice [32].
• CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 20% of IDDM children react to rectal instillation of gliadin [33].
• Changes in plasma thyrotrophin-releasing hormone, thyrotrophin, prolactin and thyroid hormone levels after intravenous, intranasal or rectal administration of synthetic thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in man [34].
• Changes in plasma thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH), thyrotrophin (TSH), prolactin and thyroid hormone levels after iv, intranasal, or rectal administration of synthetic TRH were studied in man [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Administration, Rectal

• After rectal administration of taurine, formation of taurine chloramine (TauCl) in the inflamed colonic tissue was examined using high-performance liquid chromatography [35].
• However, this ratio was higher after rectal administration than after intravenous and oral administration, probably because of weaker binding of the acetate form of cortisol to CBG [36].
• Ten women with IBS (mean age 30+/-10 years) and ten control subjects (all women) (mean age 29+/-7 years) rated pain intensity and unpleasantness to distension of the rectum (35 mmHg) and thermal stimulation (47 degrees C) of the foot before and after rectal administration of either lidocaine jelly or saline jelly in a double blind crossover design [37].
• Clinical trials in children and adults indicate that the intermittent oral or rectal administration of diazepam is an effective and safe alternative for the acute management of recurrent paroxysmal disorders [38].
• The changes of blood glucose and plasma immuno-reactive insulin concentration after rectal administration of insulin were similar to those after intravenous injection [39].

References