Disease relevance of Agglutination Tests

• Differences in results of microagglutination tests for the Legionnaires' disease bacterium on untreated sera and sera treated with 2-mercaptoethanol suggest that, like other agglutination tests, the microagglutination test is heavily dependent on the presence of IgM antibody [1].
• Using a microtiter bacterial agglutination test, we have estimated antibodies to Corynebacterium parvum in "normal" human and "normal" and immune animal sera [2].
• Serologic responses in the particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay and the card, complement fixation, and tube agglutination tests were measured for 10 weeks after vaccination of cattle with either Brucella abortus 19 or the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen-deficient mutant, strain RB51 [3].
• The relative efficacy of the card test in the diagnosis of human brucellosis was evaluated by comparison with four other tests: the standard tube agglutination test, centrifugation agglutination test, 2-mercaptoethanol degradation technique, and 2-mercaptoethanol centrifugation agglutination test [4].
• Evaluation of the latex slide agglutination test for identification of Staphylococcus aureus [5].

High impact information on Agglutination Tests

• A rabbit antibody raised against the 15 N-terminal amino acids of the predicted protein reacted on immunoblots with authentic LW glycoprotein and in indirect agglutination test with all human erythrocytes except those from LW(a-b-) [6].
• Naturally occurring anti-type B antibodies, Triticum vulgaris lectin, monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 32-27, and MoAb R-24 were used in agglutination tests, Western blots, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) enzyme immunostaining [7].
• The reactant shared properties with rheumatoid factor in that it was absorbed by aggregated IgG and was unstable to 2-mercaptoethanol, but it did not react in standard agglutination tests for rheumatoid factor [8].
• The results of the more rapid MMTV agglutination test correlated well with IEM [9].
• METHODS: RF data, as assayed by both the bentonite flocculation test (BFT) and the sheep cell agglutination test (SCAT), were available on 5,345 Pima Indians born between 1886 and 1975, who were surveyed at biennial intervals between 1966 and 1995 [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Agglutination Tests

• Evaluation of a rapid latex slide agglutination test for herpes simplex virus as a specimen screen and culture identification method [11].
• Titers in a direct agglutination test using Formalin-fixed toxoplasma tachyzoites were significantly higher in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) than in those without TE [12].
• Hen antigonococcal lipopolysaccharide hen serum was used in a simple slide agglutination test for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from primary isolates [13].
• Efficacies of rapid agglutination tests for identification of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal strains as Staphylococcus aureus [14].
• Clinical studies of a new latex particle agglutination test for detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b polyribose phosphate antigen in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine [15].

Biological context of Agglutination Tests

• The diverse IBT results were obtained from a group of 50 serum samples; these sera were also tested by two sperm agglutination methods; the gelatin agglutination test (GAT) and the tube-slide agglutination test (TSAT) [16].
• These results show that the Co-A test can be used as a sensitive and specific rapid slide agglutination test for the detection of amebic antigen in the sera for diagnosis of cases of amebic liver abscess in a routine parasitology laboratory [17].
• Antibody titers to T. gondii in the modified agglutination test were higher than in the indirect hemagglutination and latex agglutination tests [18].
• An anamnestic antibody response of 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant antibody was detected in heifers in both groups A and B. An agglutination test (IGGK) was developed to measure immunoglobulin G directed against the K antigen and was used in an attempt to correlate agglutination titers with the immunity to challenge exposure [19].
• To further investigate their prevalence and correlation to pathogenic E. coli, a duplex PCR, using three primers derived from the nucleotide sequence of the F18 major fimbrial subunit gene (fedA), and a direct agglutination test, using a monoclonal antibody specific for the antigenic factor 'a' of F18, were performed [20].

Anatomical context of Agglutination Tests

• A simple rapid micro-agglutination test for detecting sensitized lymphocytes from human peripheral blood is described: the poly-L-lysine (PLL) 3400 agglutination test of lymphocytes (PAL test) [21].
• Comparative studies were conducted with the tray agglutination test (TAT) in 164 sera and with the direct MAR test on semen in 110 cases [22].
• This technique is more sensitive than commercial card-based agglutination tests by a factor of up to 500 for fungal cell-wall antigen, 64 for bacterial polysaccharide and 16 for viral antigen (in buffer) [23].
• Two clinically most widely used agglutination tests, Thymune and Serodia distributed by Wellcome and Fjirebio/Ames, respectively, to determine thyroid autoantibodies were compared [24].
• The specificity of MO8 was further demonstrated in the slide agglutination test with 223 bacteria, of which only 25 belonging to serogroup C2 Salmonella reacted with the MO8 ascitic fluid [25].

Associations of Agglutination Tests with chemical compounds

• We prospectively evaluated the clinical utility of a new, promising commercial latex particle agglutination test (i.e., Cand-Tec, Ramco Laboratories, Inc., Houston, Texas) [26].
• Slide agglutination tests were negative with cultures grown below 32 degrees C. The production of K99 antigen appeared to be related to the O antigen carried by the host strain, but it seemed to be independent of the absence or the presence of various K polysaccharide antigens [27].
• Antigens were detected on the surface of C. albicans by agglutination tests with either H9 or C6 over a 48-h growth period [28].
• By DDAVP-stimulated D-Dimer agglutination test 8 in 21 patients in the placebo group (38%) still had reduced fibronolytic capacity versus none in the gemfibrozil group (p = 0.001) [29].
• In contrast, when the test was performed with Formalin-fixed tachyzoites (HS antigens; HS agglutination test), positive results were obtained during both the acute and chronic (latent) stages of the infection [30].

Gene context of Agglutination Tests

• The presence of one or 2 shared epitope DRB alleles influenced the occurrence of high titer seropositive RA as defined by sheep cell agglutination test (p < 0.01) [31].
• A correct diagnosis of VWD relies on platelet agglutination tests that have a low accuracy within and between assays [32].
• These findings reveal the importance of the careful selection of MRSA strains for raising anti-capsular type 8 antibodies for use in agglutination tests [33].
• The GTF protein, which has glycosyltransferase activity, belongs to the COG1215 membrane-bound glycosyltransferase family, and agglutination tests revealed that the enzyme enables S. pneumoniae to synthesize beta-D-glucan [34].
• The presence of factors cross-reacting with polypeptidic human hormones (chorionic and pituitary gonadotropins, prolactin, ACTH and gastrin) has been studied with immune staining methods and agglutination tests in schizomycetes and protozoa of different origin [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Agglutination Tests

• METHODS: Sera with low, medium and high (n = 22, 12 and 20, respectively) antibody titers were pooled with HIV-1-negative sera and tested with two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and a particle agglutination test [36].
• The agar gel diffusion test had the highest reproducibility and the whole-cell agglutination test the lowest in tests of identical sera by six independent laboratories [37].
• Nasopharyngeal isolates of H. influenzae were typed by the slide agglutination test, the Quelling reaction, the latex agglutination test, countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis, and the antiserum agar test [38].
• Assays employed were indirect immunofluoresence, the particle latex agglutination test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting [39].
• Positive results in the immunofluorescence and agglutination tests could be attributed to the presence of immune complexes in the sera, whereas positive antibody-dependent lymphocyte-mediated granulocytotoxicity tests were probably due to the presence of HLA alloantibodies [40].

References