Disease relevance of Blood Donors

• Screening of selected male blood donors for p24 antigen of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The Transfusion Safety Study Group [1].
• BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The Sydney Blood Bank Cohort consists of a blood donor and eight transfusion recipients who were infected before 1985 with a strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with a deletion in the region in which the nef gene and the long terminal repeat overlap [2].
• In a survey carried out from 1985 through 1986, volunteer blood donors to The Greater New York Blood Program were tested for two surrogate markers for non-A, non-B hepatitis--elevation of alanine aminotransferase level and presence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen [3].
• The low positive predictive values of some of these assays (71.8-91.7%), even in a high prevalence population, and the need for RIPA to test indeterminate sera, indicate that for routine screening of blood donors there is still room for improvement both in screening and confirmatory assays for HTLV-I/II [4].
• Autoantibodies against a soluble liver antigen (SLA) were detected in 23 patients with HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis (CAH) but not in 502 patients with various other hepatic and non-hepatic disorders or 165 healthy blood donors [5].

Psychiatry related information on Blood Donors

• Positive proliferative responses to both BDV p40 and p24 proteins were detected in 9% of patients with mood disorders (4 of 45), 4% of schizophrenic patients (2 of 45), and 2% of blood donors (1 of 45) [6].
• ABO blood types in 70 patients with obsessive-compulsive neurosis was determined and their distribution compared with that of a blood donor population [7].
• At 50 micrograms/ml concentration of orosomucoid, the lymphocyte activation was found in randomly selected blood donors which included normal healthy volunteers and patients with T cell immunodeficiency or Alzheimer's disease, demonstrating a consistent immunostimulatory action of this glycoprotein [8].
• We may conclude that blood donation per se is not a stressful event and that moderate stress, as suggested by the increased cortisol levels and heart rate at the first donation, is secondary to emotional rather than to physical factors and occurs during a never-experienced-before event [9].
• Data on drug use, enrollment in methadone maintenance, and demographic variables were obtained from 328 subjects who were seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who attended anywhere from 4 to 11 quarterly study visits for interview, HIV pretest counseling and risk reduction counseling, and blood donation for HIV antibody testing [10].

High impact information on Blood Donors

• Tolerance developed only if the blood donor and the recipient had one HLA haplotype or at least one HLA-B and one HLA-DR antigen in common (as was observed in 9 of these 10 patients) [11].
• Prevalence of hemochromatosis among 11,065 presumably healthy blood donors [12].
• Reducing the incidence of non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis by testing donor blood for alanine aminotransferase: economic considerations [13].
• Evaluation by postal questionnaires, and pelvic radiography of 78 HL-A 27W-positive blood donors selected from a group of apparently healthy subjects revealed 14 who satisfied the criteria for definite ankylosing spondylitis [14].
• We have now analysed two large samples of data from blood donors in England to test whether the distributions of the ABO and Rhesus blood group phenotypes are random with respect to socio-economic groups as determined by occupational classification [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Blood Donors

• Gm typing and acetylcholine receptor antibody assay were performed on serum samples from 74 patients with myasthenia gravis (31 male, 43 female) and from 236 unrelated normal blood-donors [16].
• No tirofiban- or eptifibatide-dependent antibodies were found in any of 100 randomly selected healthy blood donors, and only 2 of 23 patients receiving tirofiban or eptifibatide who did not experience significant thrombocytopenia had extremely weak (titer, 1:2) tirofiban-dependent antibodies [17].
• Factors associated with serum alanine transaminase activity in healthy subjects: consequences for the definition of normal values, for selection of blood donors, and for patients with chronic hepatitis C. MULTIVIRC Group [18].
• In the treat all option, all health care workers receive short-term zidovudine therapy immediately after exposure; in the treat none option, no one receives zidovudine; and in the test option, donor blood is tested, and if it is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive, zidovudine is given [19].
• The specificity of IgA class reticulin antibodies and endomysium antibodies was high because all 45 adult patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, 24 non-coeliac children with abdominal symptoms and 99/100 healthy blood donors were negative for these antibodies [20].

Biological context of Blood Donors

• Detection, semiquantitation, and genetic variation in hepatitis C virus sequences amplified from the plasma of blood donors with elevated alanine aminotransferase [21].
• To find out whether the CCR5 mutation was restricted to ExU2's family or existed in the general population, we did genetic analyses of the CCR5 genotype in ExU2's father and sister and also in 209 healthy blood donors who were not exposed to HIV-1 [22].
• The APOE allele frequencies were compared with those of a Greek control sample of 216 healthy blood donors [23].
• Natural history of GBV-C/hepatitis G virus infection through the follow-up of GBV-C/hepatitis G virus-infected blood donors and recipients studied by RNA polymerase chain reaction and anti-E2 serology [24].
• In a randomized, controlled trial, we studied the effects of EPO on platelet reactivity, thrombopoiesis, and endothelial activation in circumstances similar to those of autologous blood donation [25].

Anatomical context of Blood Donors

• The expression of KIR and CD94:NKG2 receptors was determined for more than 100 natural killer (NK) cell clones obtained from two blood donors who differ in their HLA class I and KIR genes [26].
• We have developed a monoclonal antibody (L21) that strongly agglutinates all erythrocytes except In(Lu), and we have identified eight In(Lu) individuals among 42,000 blood donors tested [27].
• To this end, we extensively screened blood cells from healthy blood donors by a very sensitive seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for breakpoint junctions at JH1-5 on 14q32 and the major breakpoint region of BCL2 on 18q21 [28].
• BCL-2/JH rearrangements in circulating B cells of healthy blood donors and patients with nonmalignant diseases [29].
• By using serum or cerebrospinal fluid from 25 SMS patients, we assessed the effect of GAD autoantibodies (GAD-A) on GAD enzymatic activity in vitro; 83% of GAD-A-positive SMS sera reduced GABA production in crude rat cerebellar extracts, whereas GAD-A- sera from SMS patients or healthy blood donors did not alter the enzyme activity [30].

Associations of Blood Donors with chemical compounds

• Serum neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin in anti-HIV positive blood donors [31].
• A control group of HBsAg-negative blood donors matched by age, sex, occupation, duration and type of ethanol intake, and state of nutrition were followed up for the same period [32].
• Blood donor screening by Wellcome anti-HIV kits [33].
• These 8 patients had cardiolipin antibody titres of 5 times the mean for voluntary blood donors [34].
• Letter: Status of lithium patients as blood-donors [35].

Gene context of Blood Donors

• The presence of soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) binding proteins (BP) was investigated in the sera of healthy volunteer blood donors and cancer patients [36].
• Three patterns of bands of C4 were observed in EDTA plasma from a panel of unrelated blood donors and family members by using the technique of immunofixation electrophoresis [37].
• Occurrence of the polymorphic GSTP1b variant in the GSTP1 gene resulted in a significantly lower GST enzyme activity (P < 0.05), and GSTP1b was found significantly more often in patients with Barrett's epithelium (70%; P < 0.001) and patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (76%; P = 0.005), as compared to healthy blood donors (41%) [38].
• RESULTS: Twelve patients with scleroderma, compared with only 2 blood donors, had KIR phenotypes characterized by the presence of the activating KIR2DS2 and the absence of the corresponding inactivating KIR2DL2 (P = 0.005) [39].
• The structure of the CYP21 gene was studied in 13 unrelated NC-CAH patients, three affected siblings, and 55 blood donors using polymerase chain reaction [40].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Blood Donors

• The HTLV-1 seroprevalence rate among the patients with Sjögren's syndrome (17/74, 23%) was significantly higher than that among blood donors (916/27,284, 3%), whereas the difference between patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and blood donors was insignificant [41].
• In fact, CSF114(Glc), a structure-based designed glycopeptide, is able to recognize, by ELISA, the presence of specific IgM autoAbs in the sera of a MS patient population but not in blood donors and other autoimmune conditions [42].
• PCR is more and more used as an extra confirmatory assay to resolve RIBA indeterminate results on blood donors [43].
• In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we evaluated the ability of epoetin beta (recombinant human erythropoietin) to avoid allogeneic blood transfusions (ABT) and the associated risks in patients undergoing primary elective open-heart surgery and in whom autologous blood donation (ABD) was contraindicated [44].
• METHODS: In sera obtained from 69 patients with SLE and healthy blood donors, immunoassay was used to measure levels of antibody against synthetic peptides derived from HERVs, exogenous retroviruses, and nonviral poly(amino acids) [45].

References