Disease relevance of Citrus

• D-Limonene and the citrus fruit oils given p.o. 1 h prior to NNK, also administered p.o., inhibited pulmonary adenoma formation and the occurrence of forestomach tumors [1].
• A series of viroids and viroid-like RNAs extracted from citron (Citrus medica), grapevine (Vitis vinifera), and avocado (Persea americanum) displayed differential binding capacities to cellulose in the presence of ethanol [2].
• BACKGROUND: Recent investigations have demonstrated that the citrus red mite (Panonychus citri, CRM) is the most important allergen in citrus fruit farmers with asthma and rhinitis and a common sensitizing allergen in children living near citrus orchards [3].
• Total tooth loss and prevalent cardiovascular disease in men and women: possible roles of citrus fruit consumption, vitamin C, and inflammatory and thrombotic variables [4].

High impact information on Citrus

• Modified citrus pectin (pH-modified), a soluble component of plant fiber derived from citrus fruit, has been shown to interfere with cell-cell interactions mediated by cell surface carbohydrate-binding galectin-3 molecules [5].
• Ethylene appears to enhance the degreening of citrus fruit through de novo synthesis of the Chlase protein, which in turn is inhibited by the senescence-delaying regulators, gibberellin A3 and N6-benzyladenine [6].
• AA alone and in citrus fruit medium decreased erythrocyte sorbitol 12.6 and 27.2%, respectively, with the latter being significantly more effective [7].
• It is unknown whether pomelo, a closely related citrus fruit, interacts with cyclosporine in humans [8].
• Accumulation of carotenoids and expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes during maturation in citrus fruit [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Citrus

• A rapid and sensitive dot-blot hybridization assay for the detection of citrus exocortis viroid in Citrus medica with digoxigenin-labelled RNA probes [10].

Biological context of Citrus

• Three non-allelic genes (CitSUS1, CitSUSA and CitSUS2) encoding sucrose synthase were isolated from citrus fruit (Citrus unshiu Marc.). Phylogenetic analysis from the deduced amino acid sequences showed that CitSUS1 and CitSUS2 could be classified into a dicot group [11].
• An activity-guided separation for inhibitors of rat platelet 12-lipoxygenase led to the isolation of two compounds, 4-O-feruloyl-5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (IC50; 5.5 microM) and methyl 4-O-feruloyl-5-O-caffeoylquinate (IC50; 1.9 microM) from the peel of Ponkan fruit (Citrus reticulata) [12].
• Sucrose activation of mitosis in lemon fruit explants (Citrus limon L.) [13].
• Apoptosis induced by the flavonoid from lemon fruit (Citrus limon BURM. f.) and its metabolites in HL-60 cells [14].
• The flavonoid from lemon fruit (Citrus limon BURM. f.) and its metabolites, particularly eriodictyol, 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, and phloroglucinol had the function of DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells when analyzed by flow cytometry [14].

Anatomical context of Citrus

• The modifying effects of auraptene isolated from the peel of citrus fruit (Citrus natsudaidai Hayata) on macrophage and lymphocyte functions were investigated in mice [15].
• Modulation of digoxin transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers by citrus fruit juices: lime, lemon, grapefruit, and pummelo [16].
• The flavonoid nobiletin (5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone), found in Citrus depressa Rutaceae, a popular citrus fruit in Okinawa, Japan, reportedly inhibits the production of pro-matrix metalloproteinase (proMMP)-1, 3, and 9 in rabbit synovial fibroblasts in vitro [17].
• 6. These results suggest that 1,4-cineole and 1,8-cineole, two plant essential oils present in Citrus medica L. var. acida and Eucalyptus polybractea, respectively, are converted to 2-hydroxylated products by CYP3A enzymes in rat and human liver microsomes [18].

Associations of Citrus with chemical compounds

• Ethylene induces de novo synthesis of chlorophyllase, a chlorophyll degrading enzyme, in Citrus fruit peel [6].
• Citrus fruit flavor and aroma biosynthesis: isolation, functional characterization, and developmental regulation of Cstps1, a key gene in the production of the sesquiterpene aroma compound valencene [19].
• Nobiletin is a nonpeptide compound with a low molecular weight from a citrus fruit and has the activity to rescue bulbectomy-induced memory impairment [20].
• Inhibition of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone carcinogenesis in mice by D-limonene and citrus fruit oils [1].
• The effects of D-limonene and citrus fruit oils, i.e. orange oil and lemon oil, on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced neoplasia of the lungs and forestomach of female A/J mice were investigated [1].

Gene context of Citrus

• The present results provide evidence that the intake of vegetables, selenium and particularly of citrus fruit protects the renal VHL gene from mutational insults that may be endogenous or common in a population [21].
• The sequence and expression of mRNA homologous to a cDNA encoding a non-photosynthetic ferredoxin (Fd1) from Citrus fruit was investigated [22].
• Molecular characterization of the mitochondrial citrate synthase gene of an acidless pummelo (Citrus maxima) [23].
• Cloning and molecular analysis of cDNAs encoding three sucrose phosphate synthase isoforms from a citrus fruit (Citrus unshiu Marc.) [24].
• The potential vasorelaxant, antioxidant and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitory effects of the citrus-fruit flavonoids naringin and (+/-)-naringenin were comparatively studied for the first time in this work [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Citrus

• Determination of fenpropimorph in citrus fruit by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography [26].
• A full-length cDNA clone of 744 bp encoding a putative copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) from lemon (Citrus limon) was cloned by PCR approach [27].
• Limonin glucoside (LG) and phlorin were extracted from citrus fruit tissues and assayed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) [28].
• Residues analysis of post-harvest imidazole fungicides in citrus fruit by HPLC and GLC [29].
• A simple method of sample preparation for analysis of biphenyl residues in citrus fruit peels by gas chromatography [30].

References