Disease relevance of Naringoside

• RESULTS: After adjusting for smoking and intakes of saturated fat and beta-carotene, we found statistically significant inverse associations between lung cancer risk and the main food sources of the flavonoids quercetin (onions and apples) and naringin (white grapefruit) [1].
• The cytoprotective effect of naringin was apparently limited to normal hepatocytes, since the toxin-induced apoptosis of hepatoma cells, rat or human, was not prevented by the flavonoid [2].
• Overall, the glycosylated flavonoids (i.e., naringin, a constituent of citrus fruits, and rutin, a constituent of cranberries) induced the greatest response to treatment at the lowest concentration in MDA human breast cancer cells [3].
• 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/kg body weight of naringin (NIN) (a citrus flavanone) was studied on the alteration in the radiation-induced micronucleated polychromatic (MPCE) and normochromatic (MNCE) erythrocytes in mouse bone marrow exposed to 2 Gy of 60Co gamma-radiation [4].
• The protective effect of the Citrus flavanone naringin was demonstrated in an endotoxin shock model based on Salmonella infection [5].

High impact information on Naringoside

• Prevention of toxin-induced cytoskeletal disruption and apoptotic liver cell death by the grapefruit flavonoid, naringin [2].
• Naringin-sensitive phosphorylation of plectin, a cytoskeletal cross-linking protein, in isolated rat hepatocytes [6].
• Okadaic acid induced a naringin-sensitive phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the stress-activated protein kinases SEK1 and JNK, and S6 kinase [6].
• The naringin-sensitive phosphorylation induced by okadaic acid and microcystin-LR probably reflected inhibition of a type 2A protein phosphatase, whereas the naringin-resistant phosphorylation induced by calyculin A, tautomycin, and cantharidin probably involved a type 1 phosphatase [6].
• Protection by naringin and some other flavonoids of hepatocytic autophagy and endocytosis against inhibition by okadaic acid [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of Naringoside

• The effects of naringin and naringenin on endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats [8].
• Formulations containing citrus polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), mainly tangeretin, or citrus flavanone glucosides, hesperidin and naringin, were evaluated for cholesterol-lowering potential in hamsters with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia [9].
• Hypercholesterolemia caused fatty liver and elevation of liver enzymes, which was prevented by naringin but not by lovastatin [10].
• This study was designed to evaluate the preventive effect of naringin in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats [11].
• The results indicated that saikosaponin a and glycyrrhizin may be the major contributors in the alleviation effect of Si-Ni-San on contact sensitivity, and paeoniflorin and naringin may exhibit a co-operative effect [12].

Biological context of Naringoside

• Naringin and other okadaic acid-antagonistic flavonoids may be useful tools in the study of intracellular protein phosphorylation and could have potential therapeutic value as protectants against pathological hyperphosphorylations, environmental toxins, or side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs [7].
• The naringin capsule did not change nisoldipine pharmacokinetics [13].
• The concentration values yielding 50% inhibition of lipid peroxidation in mouse liver homogenate were in order of 10(-6) M for quercetin, rutin, and morin; and of 10(-5) M for acacetin and hispidulin, while naringin and hesperidin had no antioxidative action [14].
• The pronounced interindividual variability of naringin kinetics provides a possible explanation for some of the apparently contradictory results of drug interaction studies with grapefruit and naringin [15].
• Among other flavonoids examined, kaempferol was found to have an IC50 value of 0.39 +/- 0.07 microM, naringenin 10.6 +/- 1.6 microM and naringin 265 +/- 90 microM (N = 3) [16].

Anatomical context of Naringoside

• In addition, the hepatic glucose transporter 2 protein expression was significantly reduced, while the expression of adipocyte glucose transporter 4 and hepatic and adipocyte peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma were elevated in the hesperidin and naringin groups when compared with the control group [17].
• The grapefruit flavanone naringin protects against the radiation-induced genomic instability in the mice bone marrow: a micronucleus study [4].
• 2. In vitro naringin was a potent competitive inhibitor of caffeine 3-demethylation by human liver microsomes (Ki = 7-29 microM) [18].
• Treatment with naringin resulted not only in a significant decrease in bacterial numbers in spleens and livers, but also in a decrease in plasma LPS levels [5].
• In vitro studies using a rabbit feces suspension to incubate naringin without or with honey or the respective sugars were employed to investigate the mechanism of this interaction [19].

Associations of Naringoside with other chemical compounds

• To identify phosphoproteins that might play a role in naringin-sensitive hepatocellular cytoskeletal disruption and apoptosis induced by algal toxins, hepatocyte extracts were separated by gel electrophoresis and immunostained with a phosphothreonine-directed antibody [6].
• The metabolism of chlorogenic acid, naringin, and rutin, representative members of three common families of dietary polyphenols, the hydroxycinnamates, the flavanones, and the flavonols, respectively, was studied in an in vitro mixed culture model of the human colonic microflora [20].
• The pharmacokinetics of felodipine and its single primary oxidative metabolite, dehydrofelodipine, were studied after drug administration with 200 ml water, grapefruit juice, or naringin in water at the same concentration as the juice in a randomized crossover trial of nine healthy men [21].
• Temperature- and pH-dependent enantiomerization or epimerization barriers of several flavanones (naringenin, homoeriodictyol) and flavanone-7-O-glycosides (naringin, neohesperidin, prunin, narirutin) in basic media (pH values of 9-11) have been observed [22].
• This study evaluated the hypothesis that untreated and irradiated grapefruit as well as the isolated citrus compounds naringin and limonin would protect against azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) by suppressing proliferation and elevating apoptosis through anti-inflammatory activities [23].

Gene context of Naringoside

• Inhibitors of protein kinase C, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, or Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II had moderate or no protective effects on plectin network disruption, whereas naringin offered 86% protection [6].
• Epidemiological studies suggest that food rich in quercetin and naringin may protect against certain types of lung cancer, and that genotype dependent inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1)-mediated bioactivation of procarcinogens could be the underlying mechanism [24].
• Inhibition of CYP3A4 in the small intestine by flavonoids (such as naringin and naringenin) and furanocoumarins (including bergamottin and 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin) present in GFJ seems to be the predominant mechanism, although P-glycoprotein and influx transporters in the small intestine are also involved [25].
• Okadaic acid-induced, naringin-sensitive phosphorylation of glycine N-methyltransferase in isolated rat hepatocytes [26].
• Specifically, naringin and hesperidin induced the greatest migratory response in IMCE cells at 1 microM (P < 0.01) and induced migration greater than untreated control cells (P < 0.05) but equal to HGF-treated cells [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Naringoside

• METHODS: Grapefruit juice was separated by means of centrifugation and filtration into supernatant and particulate fractions, which were then assayed for naringin and 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin [28].
• Hesperidin and naringin supplementation significantly reduced blood glucose compared with the control group [29].
• 1. By performing microdialysis, this study investigated the pharmacokinetics of unbound camptothecin in rat blood, brain and bile in the presence of P-glycoprotein mediated transport modulators (cyclosporin A, berberine, quercetin, naringin and naringenin) [30].
• To investigate the effect of honey and sugars on the metabolism and disposition of naringin, rabbits were administered naringin alone and naringin with honey or its component sugars - fructose, glucose and sucrose in crossover designs [19].
• As expected, rats fed the high-fat diet developed more tumors than rats fed the low-fat diet, but in both experiments tumor development was delayed in the groups given orange juice or fed the naringin-supplemented diet compared with the other three groups [31].

References