Disease relevance of Cystoscopy

• Treatments aimed at ameliorating the effects of theses metabolites, such as mesna and intravenous (IV) hydration, coupled with cystoscopy, evacuation of clots, and formalin instillation, have given clinicians an effective means of avoiding exsanguinating hemorrhage from the bladder [1].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay was performed on 25 patients with clinically localized stages T1 to T2cN0M0 prostate cancer before and 30 minutes after cystoscopy [2].
• OBJECTIVES: To use 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) in diagnostic cystoscopy and during transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) to treat transitional cell carcinoma [3].
• In an attempt to prevent, delay, or reduce further tumor occurrence, 88 patients with recurrent, superficial carcinoma of the urinary bladder were randomly assigned to receive either standard therapy (cystoscopy with fulguration) or standard therapy and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) [4].
• Therefore, cystoscopy and monitoring for indinavir-induced urolithiasis should be undertaken in individuals with SCI who are taking indinavir [5].

Psychiatry related information on Cystoscopy

• CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a fast, easy to use assay for the simultaneous detection of FGFR3 mutations, which can be of assistance in clinical decision-making and as an alternative for the follow-up of patients by invasive cystoscopy for the detection of recurrences in urine [6].

High impact information on Cystoscopy

• Forty-two of the 60 patients (70%) who had cystoscopy had macroscopic changes consistent with cyclophosphamide-induced bladder injury [7].
• In 57 patients with superficial disease followed prospectively by cystoscopy for 12 months, 14 of 23 patients in the wild-type FGFR3 group developed recurrent bladder cancer compared with only 7 of 34 patients in the mutant group (P = 0.004) [8].
• In selected patients, namely those with persistent negative urinary CK18 and BTF, the number of cystoscopies could be reduced [9].
• SUMMARY: Although urine cytology and cystoscopy are still the standard of practice, many candidate biomarkers for TCC are emerging and being adopted into clinical practice [10].
• In vivo whole body debrisoquine hydroxylase activity was measured as the debrisoquine recovery ratio (DBRR) following single dose oral administration of debrisoquine (10 mg) in 10 normal subjects and 20 patients with bladder cancer prior to diagnostic cystoscopy [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cystoscopy

• Presence of mucosal change in the urinary bladder in nonhematuric patients with long-term exposure and/or accumulating high-dose cyclophosphamide. Possible significance of follow-up cystoscopy on preventing development of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis [12].

Biological context of Cystoscopy

• Dye studies including methylene blue, the Bourne test, the modified diatrizoate (gastrograffin) test, barium enema and cystography, cystoscopy and colocystoscopic examination, and computed tomography and nuclear medicine scans are discussed as diagnostic modalities [13].
• Intravenous salbutamol treatment for penile erection arising during cystoscopy of cervical spinal cord injury patients [14].
• Thirty-eight patients with spinal cord lesions, 22 recent and 16 sustained more than three years previously, were investigated with intravenous pyelography, chrome EDTA clearance, cystoscopy and urodynamic studies [15].

Anatomical context of Cystoscopy

• However, when used in adequate amounts and allowed to dwell in the urethra for 20 minutes before cystoscopy, lidocaine jelly can significantly decrease pain in men [16].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total and free PSA, and free-to-total PSA ratio were determined in 82 men with lower urinary tract symptoms before and 30 minutes after 3 different prostatic manipulations: 1) digital rectal examination (36 cases), 2) flexible cystoscopy (26) and 3) transrectal ultrasound guided prostatic biopsy (20) [17].
• The lymphocytes infiltrating the bladder mucosa of 28 patients treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for superficial bladder carcinoma were characterized using an immunohistochemical technique on frozen sections of biopsy specimens obtained during cystoscopy [18].
• METHODS: During routine follow-up for transitional cell bladder cancer, 75 patients underwent cystoscopy, bladder washing cytology, and the Bard BTA test, a latex agglutination test that qualitatively detects basement membrane complexes in voided urine [19].
• Adriamycin causes the death of malignant cells, general improvement in the appearance of the bladder mucosa at cystoscopy and histologic evidence of endothelial damage to the bladder mucosa [20].

Associations of Cystoscopy with chemical compounds

• To evaluate the influence of the volume of 2% lidocaine jelly as an anesthetic during cystoscopy 241 men and women received either 11 or 20 ml. jelly intraurethrally in a randomized, double-blind fashion [21].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 3% 5-aminolevulinic acid solution was instilled intravesically before cystoscopy in 104 patients [22].
• Patients received 6 weekly intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillations, and were followed for response with urinary cytology, cystoscopy and bladder biopsy [23].
• Once or twice a week under cystoscopy 10 to 20 mg, doxorubicin hydrochloride were administered directly into the tumors [24].
• The over-all complete response rate based on cystoscopy and either biopsy or cytology was 26 per cent for thiotepa versus 39 per cent for mitomycin C (p equals 0.08) [25].

Gene context of Cystoscopy

• A double-monoclonal radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been used to detect urinary carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in 204 patients attending for diagnostic cystoscopy [26].
• METHODS: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to compare levels of uPA and uPAR in urine that was collected before cystoscopy from 122 patients with bladder carcinoma and from 107 participants in a control group [27].
• Resulting values were normalized against urine creatinine and expressed as pg/g. RESULTS: The median urinary bFGF level of patients with active disease, history of bladder carcinoma and negative follow-up cystoscopy, BPH, and healthy volunteers were 2,717, 1,009, 1,414 and 1,100 pg/g, respectively [28].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 280 voided urine specimens from 265 patients were obtained immediately before cystoscopy for BTA stat, (Bard Diagnostic, Redmond, Washington) hemoglobin dipstick, (Bayer, Elkhart, Indiana) telomerase and UroVysion (Vysis, a wholly owned subsidiary of Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois) analysis [29].
• RESULTS: Cystoscopy had no effect on total PSA, while digital rectal examination had a slight, statistically significantly positive effect and biopsy uniformly increased total PSA (geometric mean ratio 2.43, t = 5.08, p <0.001) [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cystoscopy

• Patients who have been taking daily oral cyclophosphamide for a prolonged period should have excretory urography, cystoscopy and bladder mucosal biopsies performed as part of a cancer surveillance protocol [30].
• To evaluate the usefulness of lidocaine in decreasing pain associated with cystoscopy, we performed a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study comparing lidocaine gel with a water based lubricant [31].
• Free PSA was increased by digital rectal examination (geometric mean ratio 1.67, t = 4.25, p <0.001), prostatic biopsy (geometric mean ratio 4.80, t = 7.48, p <0.001) and cystoscopy (geometric mean ratio 1.21, t = 2.51, p = 0.019) [17].
• Patients underwent pretreatment cystoscopy and detailed tumor mapping, and were treated with 75 mg. /m.2 cisplatin on day 1 and 1 gm./m.2 daily, 5-fluorouracil on days 1 to 4 and definitive radiotherapy [32].
• CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that cystoscopy has no clinically significant effect on the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay [2].

References