Disease relevance of Salbutamol

• All the children received a nebulized solution of albuterol (2.5 or 5 mg per dose, depending on body weight) every 20 minutes for three doses and then as needed [1].
• Salbutamol for pertussis [2].
• Toxicity of salbutamol and theophylline together [3].
• Nebulised ipratropium bromide and salbutamol causing closed-angle glaucoma [4].
• Letter: Salbutamol in hyperkalaemic familial periodic paralysis [5].

Psychiatry related information on Salbutamol

• Inhaled salbutamol: a new form of drug abuse [6]?
• Salbutamol recovery as mean (SE) area under the 30 minute time-response curve was significantly delayed (p<0.05) equally in both genotype and treatment groups [7].
• Differential sensitivity to the effects of albuterol on locomotor activity and operant behavior [8].
• CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking is associated with a blunted vasodilator response to inhaled albuterol in the airway as an expression of endothelial dysfunction, with a partial recovery of albuterol responsiveness after smoking cessation in healthy ex-smokers but not in ex-smokers with COPD [9].
• Chronic treatment with electroconvulsive shock prevents the salbutamol-induced hypoactivity in rats [10].

High impact information on Salbutamol

• These deficits persisted after inhalation of albuterol [11].
• CONCLUSIONS: Among children with a severe exacerbation of asthma, the addition of ipratropium bromide to albuterol and corticosteroid therapy significantly decreases the hospitalization rate [1].
• When the subjects were 34 or 35 years old, their forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured before and after they inhaled albuterol [11].
• There were no significant differences between the two groups in peak flow variability, forced expiratory volume in one second, the number of puffs of supplemental albuterol needed, asthma symptoms, asthma quality-of-life score, or airway responsiveness to methacholine [12].
• Measurements of the forced expiratory volume in one second, performed hourly for 12 consecutive hours, showed that a single dose of salmeterol produced a greater mean area under the curve than two doses of albuterol taken 6 hours apart (6.3 vs. 4.9 liter.hr, P < 0.05) [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Salbutamol

• Reversible acute renal failure precipitated by overdose of ibuprofen and salbutamol [14].
• To determine the functional impact of the caveolar-localized beta(2)-AR/Ca(v)1.2 signaling complex, beta(2)-AR stimulation (salbutamol plus atenolol) of I(Ca,L) was examined in pertussis toxin-treated neonatal mouse ventricular myocytes [15].
• This study compared the efficacy and side effects of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 mg of albuterol and isoproterenol hydrochloride administered by intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) to 12 patients with reversible airway obstruction [16].
• BACKGROUND: A combination metered-dose inhaler aerosol containing ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate has been reported to be more effective than either of its components in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [17].
• The IP(DVP) response to albuterol (400 microg by inhalation) was blunted in patients with type II diabetes mellitus as compared with control subjects (fall 5.9 +/- 1.8% vs. 11.8 +/- 1.8%, n = 20, p < 0.02), but that to GTN (500 microg sublingually) was preserved (fall 18.3 +/- 1.2% vs. 18.6 +/- 1.9%, p = 0.88) [18].

Biological context of Salbutamol

• In contrast, isoprenaline, fenoterol and salbutamol are less potent as stimulants of lipolysis than as stimulants of atrial rate or tracheal relaxation [19].
• Subcutaneous infusion of rats with albuterol for 7 days compromised the ability of albuterol, given acutely, to protect against acetylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction [20].
• Association between genetic polymorphisms of the beta2-adrenoceptor and response to albuterol in children with and without a history of wheezing [21].
• Albuterol-induced downregulation of Gsalpha accounts for pulmonary beta(2)-adrenoceptor desensitization in vivo [20].
• When compared to homozygotes for Gly-16, homozygotes for Arg-16 were 5.3 times (95% confidence interval 1.6-17.7) and heterozygotes for beta2AR-16 were 2.3 times (1.3-4.2) more likely to respond to albuterol, respectively [21].

Anatomical context of Salbutamol

• In-vitro studies with rat soleus muscles indicated that the hypokalaemic effect of salbutamol is related to stimulation of the active coupled transport of sodium and potassium in muscle cells [22].
• METHODS: Isolated rat mesenteric veins were relaxed by salbutamol, and nerve-mediated vasocontractions were induced by electrical field stimulation [23].
• No significant change was detected with isoprenaline therapy, but all fetuses showed an increase in heart rate and improvement in ventricular function with salbutamol [24].
• Beneficial effect of salbutamol on cardiac function in severe congestive cardiomyopathy. Effect on systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle [25].
• To determine whether beta 1-selective antagonist treatment alters the responsiveness of cardiac beta 2-adrenoreceptors in vivo, we measured the positive chronotropic responses to salbutamol injected into the right coronary artery [26].

Associations of Salbutamol with other chemical compounds

• A double-blind cross-over trial was carried out to compare the effect of identical placebo with that of salbutamol inhalers used 30 min before inhalation of 100 microgram of beclomethasone dipropionate (B.D.P.) in 18 chronic asthmatics over two consecutive 4-week periods [27].
• Determination of beta 2-adrenoceptor affinity for salbutamol showed no change of affinity in atenolol-treated patients [28].
• All patients receiving SCF were premedicated with antihistamines, albuterol, and pseudoephedrine [29].
• The inhibition of specific ICYP binding by the beta 2-selective agonist salbutamol for AH130 cells gave only one Ki value which was much higher than both high and low Ki values of the drug for hepatocytes [30].
• This study evaluated potential synergistic interactions between low doses of the potent and specific PARP inhibitor 1,5-isoquinolinediol (ISO) and one of two vasodilators, the ACE inhibitor lisinopril (LIS) and the beta2-adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol (SAL) in the model of early PDN [31].

Gene context of Salbutamol

• The GH responses to GHRH after SALB pretreatment were similar in NW and AN [32].
• In the present study we report that in term myometrium, enhanced cAMP-specific PDE4 activity takes part in the heterologous desensitization to the beta-mimetic, salbutamol [33].
• The beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists salbutamol and fenoterol were tested for their regulatory effects on human monocyte phenotype and functions, either alone or in combination with interleukin-4 (IL-4) [34].
• Salmeterol, but not salbutamol, inhibited IL-5 and IL-13 and enhanced IL-10 synthesis in these cultures [35].
• Treated individuals with asthma with more than 12% reversibility had significantly higher density of LTC4S-positive mast cells than those with less reversibility, and it correlated significantly with reduction in lung function (FEV1-predicted), both before and after salbutamol inhalation [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Salbutamol

• Spirometry, symptoms, use of rescue medication (200 microg of albuterol inhaled as needed), and adverse effects were also assessed [37].
• METHODS: In a multicenter, double-blind study, we randomly assigned 255 patients with mild asthma to inhale albuterol either on a regular schedule (126 patients) or only as needed (129 patients) [12].
• In 23 asthmatic patients given salbutamol alone PFR rose by a mean 31% 1 hour after treatment whereas in 33 such patients given combined treatment it rose by a mean 77% (95% confidence interval for the difference 8-84%) [38].
• 2 (14%) of the intravenous salbutamol group compared with 8 (53%) of the control group needed oxygen to maintain oxygen saturation at 93% room air [39].
• Efficacy of salbutamol in treatment of infant pertussis demonstrated by sound spectrum analysis [40].

References