Disease relevance of Nuclear Medicine

• PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of noninvasive imaging of estrogen receptors (ERs) in primary and metastatic breast cancer with the iodine-123-labeled ER-specific ligand cis-11beta-methoxy-17alpha-iodovinylestradiol-17beta (Z-[123I]MIVE) using conventional nuclear medicine techniques [1].
• Misonidazole analogues radiolabelled with iodine-123 have been developed for the detection of tumour hypoxia using conventional nuclear medicine techniques [2].
• Renal function was assessed by serum creatinine, creatinine clearance and proteinuria measurement, and by upper tract abnormalities on renal ultrasound and nuclear medicine renal scan [3].
• Apart from highlighting the occurrence of a carcinoid in this setting, our case again underscores the importance of nuclear medicine methods, i.e., somatostatin receptor scintigraphy, in staging and follow-up of patients with carcinoid tumors [4].
• Noninvasive diagnosis of renovascular hypertension using nuclear medicine techniques has evolved in the past 30 years through improvements in imaging equipment, radiotracers, and, most recently, captopril intervention [5].

Psychiatry related information on Nuclear Medicine

• FDG PET brain scans were obtained and visually graded by an experienced nuclear medicine physician as to the presence of classic bilateral temporo-parietal hypometabolism as seen in Alzheimer's type dementia [6].
• Team effort: the nuclear medicine decision making process. Part II [7].

High impact information on Nuclear Medicine

• Attenuation-corrected transaxial and coronal images were visually evaluated by two nuclear medicine physicians (blinded to the patient's medical history) for foci of increased F-18 FDG uptake in the axilla region [8].
• Further, computerized hepatobiliary nuclear medicine scans revealed a delay in uptake (2.2 +/- 0.5 fold greater) and excretion (8.0 +/- 5.9 fold greater) of technetium-99m labeled disofenin [9].
• The role of nuclear medicine in the evaluation of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: comment on the article by Sibbitt et al [10].
• The patients received 65-107 MBq of IDLPL, and nuclear medicine whole body gamma camera imaging was used to study liposome biodistribution [11].
• Data on pulmonary function tests (PFTS), arterial blood gases (ABG), right and left ventricular ejection fractions (RVEF and LVEF) from nuclear medicine studies, and overnight sleep studies were collected at the beginning of the study and after each 2 wk of therapy with O2, NPPV, or NPPV with O2 [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Nuclear Medicine

• Intense uptake of pentavalent technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid without gallium-67 citrate uptake indicates that pigmented villonodular synovitis has the features of a hyperplastic or neoplastic lesion rather than an inflammatory lesion from the point of view of nuclear medicine [13].
• Nuclear medicine techniques are also of value in hyperparathyroidism and to localize the site of the adenoma where surgical treatment is being considered; the use of technetium Tc 99m sestamibi is now routine [14].
• This expansion of the role of nuclear medicine in diagnosing and managing low back pain is based in part upon novel diagnostic applications of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate, a radiopharmaceutical that has been available for over 15 years [15].
• The nuclear medicine evaluation of the immunocompromised patient with fever of unknown origin may include the use of either labeled leukocytes or Ga-67 citrate, or both, in the search for an infectious focus [16].
• Descriptions of the following nuclear medicine methods are presented: Bone scanning with 99 m-technetium labeled phosphonate complexes used for the evaluation of skeletal metastases, primary bone tumors, traumatic, degenerative, and postoperative changes as well as in inflammatory conditions [17].

Biological context of Nuclear Medicine

• Many clinical and research studies in nuclear medicine require quantitation of iodine-123 (123I) distribution for the determination of kinetics or localization [18].
• Consequently, the Society of Fetal Urology (SFU) and the Pediatric Nuclear Medicine Council (PNMC) of the Society of Nuclear Medicine met to develop by consensus a more uniform methodology [19].
• Impressions and clinical consequences of a multidisciplinary congress: neurology and nuclear medicine. 10th seminar of Serre Chevalier, France, 24-30 January, 1999 under the auspices of the French Society of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine [20].
• In order to investigate possible mutagenic effects of in vivo exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation used in nuclear medicine, we have examined the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) mutant fraction (MF) and chromosome aberration (CA) frequency in 24 nuclear medicine patients before and after injection of thallium-201 [21].
• Since patients on chemotherapeutic treatment can be submitted to nuclear medicine procedures, we studied the mitomycin-C effect on the bioavailability of the technetium-99m-labelled sodium pyrophosphate (9mTc-PYP) using an animal model [22].

Anatomical context of Nuclear Medicine

• Compliance with a recent NRC regulatory guide of less than 40 nCi (1.48 kB1) of 131I thyroid burden as a quarterly average should not be difficult using the new, less volatile 131I; however, strict precautionary measures are essential to minimize contamination, which is common in the nuclear medicine environment [23].
• Red blood cells (RBC) labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) are used for several evaluations in nuclear medicine [24].
• Recent reports have demonstrated that exposure of nuclear medicine patients to thallium-201 does not result in a detectable increase in mutation at the hprt locus in human lymphocytes [25].
• CONCLUSION: [11C]methionine PET correctly locates abnormal parathyroid glands in the majority of patients with persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism after surgery in whom conventional non-invasive nuclear medicine imaging has failed [26].
• Several techniques in nuclear medicine significantly aid infection diagnosis, including imaging with (111)In-oxine-, (99m)Tc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime-, and (99m)Tc-stannous fluoride colloid-labeled leukocytes and with (67)Ga-citrate [27].

Associations of Nuclear Medicine with chemical compounds

• Procedure guideline for pediatric sedation in nuclear medicine. Society of Nuclear Medicine [28].
• Technetium-99m sestamibi studies, read by two nuclear medicine physicians, were correlated with clinicopathologic findings and compared to the ten 201Tl studies obtained in seven of these patients [29].
• The relevance of basic technetium chemistry to nuclear medicine [30].
• The aim of this study was to investigate the variability in the interpretation of DMSA scans by pediatric nuclear medicine physicians in this clinical setting [31].
• Gallium-67 has been a controversial tumor-imaging agent in nuclear medicine for decades [32].

Gene context of Nuclear Medicine

• The high level expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTR) on various tumor cells has provided the molecular basis for successful use of radiolabeled octreotide / lanreotide analogs as tumor tracers in nuclear medicine [33].
• Thus, radiolabeled BN or BN analogs may prove to be specific tracers for diagnostic and therapeutic targeting of GRP-r-positive tumors in nuclear medicine [34].
• Six European nuclear medicine centres performed immunoscintigraphy first retrospectively in 34 patients using indium-111-labelled carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-specific and/or 19-9 F(ab')2 fragments [35].
• Different peptide receptors like somatostatin, bombesin/GRP or VIP are (over)expressed on cancer cells, and are therefore an ideal target for the diagnosis and therapy in nuclear medicine with radiolabeled peptides [36].
• We therefore conclude that [99mTc(I)-PADA-AVA]bombesin (7-14) might have promising characteristics for applications in nuclear medicine, namely for diagnosis of GRP receptor overexpressing tumors [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Nuclear Medicine

• Detecting perfusion interhemispheric asymmetry in neurologic nuclear medicine imaging is an interesting approach to epilepsy [38].
• Radioimmunotherapy and NHL: nuclear medicine on the oncology team [39].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five hundred twenty-five consecutive children (mean age, 2.7 years +/- 2.2 [SD]) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (n = 425), computed tomography (n = 89), and nuclear medicine (n = 11) examinations after rectal administration of thiopental sodium injection solution [40].
• The aim of this study was to determine the non-extremity gamma dose received by a technician while performing an ordinary nuclear medicine procedure or a static (i.e. without blood sampling) fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) study [41].
• Also, it may be expected that nuclear medicine techniques using molecular radioligands will constitute an essential future step in the evaluation of subclinical cardiac injury afforded by the combined effect of RT and cardiotoxic chemotherapy [42].

References