Disease relevance of Colon, Sigmoid

• Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid are increased in the sigmoid colon in severe idiopathic constipation [1].
• Cell proliferation in the sigmoid colon, an intermediate biomarker of colorectal cancer was not significantly associated with faecal phytic acid, minerals or lipid content in this compromised clinical group [2].
• METHODS: Between April 1996 and September 1998, all patients requiring a Hartmann procedure for sigmoid diverticulitis or obstructed rectosigmoid were randomized to either intraperitoneal placement of the antiadhesions membrane under the midline during laparotomy and in the pelvis, or as a control [3].
• PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forceps biopsies were obtained from the sigmoid colon before and 14 days after TNF-alpha antibody therapy in 11 patients treated for chronic active CD (Crohn's disease activity index >150) [4].
• Adenomas located in the sigmoid portion and in the rectum have an increased probability of ADK, independent of size and histology [5].

Psychiatry related information on Colon, Sigmoid

• It appears that domperidone had no effect on sigmoid motor activity, although the inhibition of dopamine-induced motility confirms the presence of specific dopaminergic receptors in the colon and the antidopaminergic action of domperidone [6].
• Individual plasma desmopressin-vWF and desmopressin-FVIII:C concentration/response-time data were fitted to a pharmacodynamic sigmoid E ( max ) model linked to a two-compartment open pharmacokinetic model (Ke0 link) [7].

High impact information on Colon, Sigmoid

• Images in clinical medicine. Barium impaction in the sigmoid colon [8].
• Accordingly, segregation analysis suggested an incompletely penetrant dominant inheritance in HSCR families with aganglionosis extending beyond the sigmoid colon [9].
• However, it does differ from them in displaying a sigmoid kinetic response to glucose, requiring much higher glucose concentrations for activity, and being insensitive to physiological concentrations of glucose 6-phosphate [10].
• The selective absence of species IV was found in preparations from both sigmoid (n = 7) and ascending (n = 4) colon and could not be accounted for by an overall decrease in total mucin content [11].
• The accumulation of folic acid in colonic mucosa was significantly higher at pH 5.5 than at 7.5 and showed significant regional variation, with optimal uptake in the sigmoid colon [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Colon, Sigmoid

• PATIENT: A 32 year old man with a one year history of constipation and abdominal distention, a massively dilated ascending and transverse colon, and a normal calibre rectum and descending and sigmoid colon [13].
• Therefore, the sigmoid colon of VDR-KO mice, fed on an appropriate lactose/calcium-enriched diet to alleviate impaired calcium homeostasis-related phenotypic changes, is an excellent model for investigating induction and prevention of pre-malignant changes in one of the hotspots for human colorectal cancer incidence [14].
• We found that the ED50 of fluconazole given intraperitoneally was 4.56 mg/kg of body weight/day (95% confidence interval, 3.60 to 5.53 mg/kg/day), and the dose-response relationship was best described by an inhibitory sigmoid maximal effect (Emax) curve [15].
• Barium x-ray showed loss of haustral marking, thumb printing appearance, and diffuse luminal stenosis in the transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon [16].
• We have shown that neurokinin A-induced contraction of human sigmoid circular muscle (HSCM) is reduced in patients with ulcerative colitis and that interleukin (IL)-1beta may play a role in this change [17].

Biological context of Colon, Sigmoid

• Vitamin C steady-state plasma concentrations as a function of dose displayed sigmoid kinetics [18].
• Correlations between MK-383 plasma concentration (C) and inhibition of platelet aggregation were examined by fitting with a sigmoid maximum-effect model [19].
• A site-directed mutant of clostridial glutamate dehydrogenase in which Ala163 in the glutamate binding site is replaced by glycine displays a markedly sigmoid dependence of reaction rate on glutamate concentration (S0.5 = 200 mM), with a Hill coefficient of 3.4 when assayed at pH 10.5 with 1 mM NAD+ [20].
• 4. The variation of V and V/Km with pL is sigmoid for hydrolysis of 3,4-dinitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside by Mg2(+)-enzyme, with pK values showing small shifts, from 8.78 +/- 0.09 to 8.65 +/- 0.08 and from 8.7 +/- 0.1 to 8.9 +/- 0.1 respectively [21].
• 3. Absence of potential difference (p.d.) measurements precludes exact description of the relation between true active transport and substrate concentration but much evidence indicates that the apparently sigmoid relation in the presence and absence of cardiac glycoside inhibition, would be retained if correction of deltaCNa values were possible [22].

Anatomical context of Colon, Sigmoid

• Mucin glycans were isolated from different regions of the normal human intestine (ileum, cecum, transverse and sigmoid colon, and rectum) of two individuals with ALeb blood group [23].
• NADP-binding proteins causing reduced availability and sigmoid release of NADP+ in human erythrocytes [24].
• The liver glucose-6-phosphatase of intact microsomes is inhibited and displays sigmoid kinetics in the presence of alpha-ketoglutarate-magnesium and oxaloacetate-magnesium chelates [25].
• Conversely, substance P concentrations showed an obvious decline in the recto-anal muscle (mid sigmoid: 19 (2.0) pmol/g, distal rectum: 7.1 (1.3), upper anal canal: 1.6 (0.6)) [26].
• The inability of serum or red cell folate values to predict those of the sigmoid epithelium suggests that they cannot identify those patients that might benefit from folate supplements [27].

Associations of Colon, Sigmoid with chemical compounds

• Chloride was absorbed in transverse and sigmoid colon, however [28].
• Animals were preconditioned to sit in restraint chairs and then had the sigmoid colon instrumented with an extraluminal strain gage force transducer, a bipolar serosal electrode and a Thomas cannula to provide access for determining luminal pressure with a perfused, open-tip catheter [29].
• Although there was no significant difference in the basal sigmoid motility index between constipated patients and controls, response to intrarectal bisacodyl (5 mg) was impaired in the constipated group, being 479 +/- 22.1 and 735 +/- 24.7, respectively (p less than 0.01) [30].
• Quinidine (10(-6) M to 10(-1) M) produced a prompt reduction in Na influx, maximum after 30 seconds of exposure, and dose-dependent along a sigmoid log dose-response curve [31].
• Tetrodotoxin and hexamethonium attenuated the sigmoid shape of the pressure-diameter curve and shifted it toward the diameter axis of the curve [32].

Gene context of Colon, Sigmoid

• Upon examining the effect of increasing concentrations of TB-1-099 on the apparent K(d) and B(max) of [(125)I]RTI-55 binding to hSERT, we found that TB-1-099 decreased the B(max) in a dose-dependent manner and affected the apparent K(d) in a manner well described by a sigmoid dose-response curve [33].
• Accordingly, application of a sigmoid Vmax model equivalent to the Hill equation produced excellent fits to the cDNA-expressed CYP3A4 data and also to the data from HLMs pretreated with furafylline to remove CYP1A2 [34].
• In colorectal cancer, the CCND1 copy number increase was neither associated with the tumor phenotype (stage and grade) nor with the tumor localization (colon, rectum or sigmoid colon) [35].
• In sigmoid colon protein levels of CYP2C8 were significantly higher by ~73% than in the descending colon [36].
• However, expression of CYP2C mRNA levels were significantly higher in the ascending colon than in the sigmoid colon [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Colon, Sigmoid

• Twenty minutes exposure to povidone-iodine produced a significant decrease in bacterial counts in vitro and in unprepared sigmoid colon [37].
• Available methods for evaluating the allergen skin-test response do not adequately account for the sigmoid curve [38].
• The baroreflex curve for RSNA was determined by changing P(a) using rapid intravenous infusions of phenylephrine and nitroprusside and then fitted to an inverse sigmoid function curve [39].
• Using a fresh tissue assay and samples obtained after a standard colon lavage preparation, colon mucosal ODC levels ranged from 0 to 192 pmol/mg/h (sigmoid, 0-163 pmol/mg/h; mean, 36 +/- 32 pmol/mg/h; rectum, 0-192 pmol/mg/h; mean, 35 +/- 32 pmol/mg/h) [40].
• Intraoperative flexible sigmoidoscopy and a gastrografin enema revealed severe mucosal ulceration and edema in the rectum and sigmoid colon [41].

References