Disease relevance of Isoprinosin

• We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of inosine pranobex (Isoprinosine) [corrected] in the treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but without manifest acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) [1].
• The efficacy of inosine pranobex in preventing the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The Scandinavian Isoprinosine Study Group [1].
• Inosiplex for SSPE [2].
• Inosiplex in recurrent herpes simplex infection [3].
• Isoprinosine in treatment of acute viral encephalitis [4].

Psychiatry related information on Isoprinosin

• To determine whether there is a critical period of time during the assay when isoprinosine has its effect, the cells were selectively preexposed to drug and/or mitogen for a limited period of time, then cultured [5].

High impact information on Isoprinosin

• Partial restoration of impaired interleukin-2 production and Tac antigen (putative interleukin-2 receptor) expression in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome by isoprinosine treatment in vitro [6].
• Isoprinosine in patient with systemic lupus erythematosus [7].
• In such patients clinical and immunological effects of Isoprinosine have already been reported by others [8].
• In six ARC patients Isoprinosine (100 micrograms/ml) and Imuthiol (10 pg/ml) induced in vitro an early chromatin activation as measured by nuclear refringency test and potentiated phytohemagglutinin (5 micrograms/ml) in the same 20-min assay in the absence of fetal calf serum [8].
• The value of this sensitive immunoprecipitation method in profiling the selective antibody responses to the several measles polypeptides and the advisability of using isoprinosine, an immunopotentiating agent, to treat SSPE are discussed [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Isoprinosin

• Inhibition of Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthetase by para-acetamidobenzoic acid: possible mechanism of action of isoprinosine in human immunodeficiency virus infection [10].
• At 10 weeks, the intraventricular reservoir was removed because of bacterial infection, and he was discharged home on oral ribavirin (1200 mg/kg/day) and inosiplex [11].
• Combined treatment with subcutaneous interferon-alpha, oral isoprinosine, and lamivudine for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis [12].
• Trihexyphenidyl and isoprinosine in the treatment of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis [13].
• Eighteen patients, 16 boys and 2 girls, aged 5-14 years, with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were treated with oral isoprinosine (100 mg/kg/day) and intraventricular alpha-interferon 2b (Intron A, Schering Corp.), starting at 500,000 U twice a week and later increasing to 3 million U biweekly [14].

Biological context of Isoprinosin

• In short-term cultures of P. carinii from rats, [3H]PABA incorporation into reduced folates was inhibited by both isoprinosine (mean +/- standard error 50% inhibitory concentration [IC50], 20 +/- 8.4 microM) and PAcBA free acid (IC50, 240 +/- 100 microM); a soluble PAcBA salt was more potent than PAcBA free acid alone (IC50, 29 +/- 48 microM) [10].
• In patients with VZ infections treated with acyclovir and either levamisole or isoprinosine cellular immunity improved faster, while VZ infections in those treated with levamisole healed more rapidly [15].
• These results suggest the feasibility of eventual prophylactic utilization of isoprinosine in male homosexuals at high risk of developing AIDS [16].
• Methisoprinol enhancement of nucleocytoplasmic transport of putative messenger RNA in rat liver. its relation to host defense against virus infection [17].
• Levamisole and methisoprinol improved neutrophil chemotaxis by inducing, in monocytes incubated with these drugs, the production of an important chemotactic factor effective on the altered neutrophils [18].

Anatomical context of Isoprinosin

• Antimeasles antibody was absent in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) when measured by conventional immunoassay techniques, there was no clinical response to isoprinosine, and the patient showed a selective absence of CSF antibody response to the matrix protein and only a partial serum antibody response to this measles polypeptide [9].
• Inosiplex, a stimulating agent for normal human T cells and human leukocytes [19].
• Finally, inosiplex also increases the percentage of monocytes phagocytizing yeast at a concentration between 50 and 500 microgram/ml [19].
• Isoprinosine augmentation of phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte proliferation [20].
• The need for agents designed to modify immune response in the treatment of patients with viral infection, immunodeficiency, or cancer prompted the present study on the mechanisms of action of isoprinosine, a compound developed for antiviral use and whose therapeutic activity may involve the immune system [20].

Associations of Isoprinosin with other chemical compounds

• The role of immunomodulating modalities such as plasmapheresis, bone marrow transplantation, thymosin, interleukin-2, inosine pranobex (isoprinosine), and cyclosporin are also discussed [21].
• The relative lack of effect of isoprinosine during a 90-min exposure and the lack of effect on lymphocyte cyclic nucleotide levels indicate that isoprinosine potentiates the PHA response by a mechanism different than a number of hormonal agents and such immunopotentiators as levamisole, polyadenylic-acid, and endotoxin [20].
• The addition of indomethacin or isoprinosine to phytohemagglutinin-culture assay increased the proliferation of lymphocytes from both the cancer patients and normal controls [22].
• The principal excretion products derived from radiolabeled N,N-dimethylaminoisopropanol (Dip) and p-acetamidobenzoic acid (PAcBA) components of inosiplex (Isoprinosine) were identified and quantified in urine following single iv and oral administration of the drug in rhesus monkeys [23].
• However, when the same dose of isoprinosine was administered to rats immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide (5 mg kg-1 day-1 orally) a partial restoration of T-cell mitogenesis was observed after 14 days of treatment [24].

Gene context of Isoprinosin

• Ability of isoprinosine to restore interleukin-2 production and T cell proliferation in autoimmune mice [25].
• There was a significant increase in the production of IFN-gamma but a decrease in the secretion of IL-3 and IL-4 by the spleen cells of isoprinosine-treated mice in response to concanavalin A with or without L. major infection compared to untreated controls [26].
• Effect of isoprinosine on IL-2, IFN-gamma and IL-4 production in vivo and in vitro [27].
• The in vitro effects of isoprinosine (ISO) on the production of IL-1 in AIDS patients and normal controls were investigated in this study [28].
• Isoprinosine enhanced IL-2 production, upregulating the expression of IL-2 receptor in vitro [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Isoprinosin

• In the inosiplex-treated patients the actuarial probability of survival at 2, 4, 6, and 8 years from onset of SSPE was 78%, 69%, 65%, and 61%, compared with 38%, 20%, 14%, and 8% in a composite control group (p less than 0.01 for all four comparisons) [29].
• No great improvement occurred in any patient soon after treatment, but 2 patients did improve substantially several months after discontinuing Isoprinosine [30].
• Nevertheless, newer therapies such as photochemotherapy, topical immunotherapy, and perhaps systemic immunotherapy (e.g., inosiplex) offer new hope for patients with extensive disease [31].
• A randomized double-blind study of inosiplex (isoprinosine) therapy in patients with alopecia totalis [32].
• Isoprinosine added to spleen cell cultures enhanced lymphocyte proliferation induced by concanavalin A or allogeneic stimulation as well as the generation of allospecific cytotoxic T cells [33].

References