Disease relevance of Submucous Plexus

• Colocalisation studies showed immunoreactivity for both endothelin-1 and vasoactive intestinal peptide in the same ganglion cells of the submucous plexus [1].
• Thus, dietary deprivation, especially chronic undernutrition, enhances the maximum electrogenic secretion due to STa and creates a new neural path in the submucosal plexus that, when activated by STa, maintains its enhanced secretory action [2].
• The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation on the neurons that produce the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the submucous plexus of the ileum of rat, four months after the induction of experimental diabetes mellitus with streptozotocin [3].

High impact information on Submucous Plexus

• Serotonin excites neurons in the human submucous plexus via 5-HT3 receptors [4].
• RESULTS: Neural elements containing NPY immunoreactivity and NO synthase-related activity were identified in the external muscle layers, myenteric plexus, and all nerve layers of the submucosa, including Henle's plexus, the intermediate nerve layer, and Meissner's plexus [5].
• The possible function of the neuropeptide-, dopamine beta-hydroxylase-, and 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing neurons in the different layers of the submucous plexus is discussed [6].
• In contrast, PGD2 had no effect on the increase in short-circuit current caused by PGD2, substance P, or serotonin, the actions of which were not dependent on the presence of the submucosal plexus [7].
• The effect of streptozocin diabetes on the distribution of adrenergic and peptidergic nerves in the submucous plexus of rat ileum was investigated and compared with the changes in the myenteric plexus of the same region of ileum [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Submucous Plexus

• In addition, sodium ricinoleate significantly reduced the number of ganglion cells in the submucosal plexus [9].
• CONCLUSIONS: The density of NADPH diaphorase-positive ganglion cells in the submucous plexus of human distal colon decreases markedly with age [10].

Biological context of Submucous Plexus

• Immunoreactivity for 5-HT in the submucosal plexus was unchanged by inflammation; this indicates that altered synaptic transmission was not due to anatomical remodelling of submucosal nerve terminals [11].
• 7. These results show that cholinergic neurones in the submucosal plexus project to submucosal arterioles and that they release acetylcholine onto muscarinic receptors to produce vasodilatation [12].
• The site of action of substance P and related tachykinins with respect to isotonic contractions was examined on the isolated muscularis mucosae attached to the submucous plexus of the guinea-pig oesophagus [13].
• Localization of substance P binding sites in submucous plexus of guinea pig ileum, using whole-mount autoradiography [14].
• Intracellular microelectrodes were used to investigate the neuropharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the submucous plexus of the distal colon of the guinea pig [15].

Anatomical context of Submucous Plexus

• Changes in adrenergic and peptidergic nerves in the submucous plexus of streptozocin-diabetic rat ileum [8].
• Nerve fibers in the mucosa showing immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal peptide, somatostatin, cholecystokinin, and neuropeptide Y arise from cell bodies in the overlying submucous plexus [16].
• Substance P-, leu-enkephalin-, and somatostatin-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were found in Schabadasch's plexus and the intermediate region of the submucous plexus, but they were absent from Meissner's plexus; 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing nerve cell bodies were only observed in Schabadasch's plexus [6].
• In each tissue, the appropriate selective agonist (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly-ol for mu receptors in locus coeruleus or Tyr-D-Pen-Gly-Phe-D-Pen for delta receptors in submucous plexus) increased the conductance of an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance and strongly hyperpolarized the membrane [17].
• Some effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and noradrenaline on neurones in the submucous plexus of guinea-pig small intestine [18].

Associations of Submucous Plexus with chemical compounds

• In contrast, the stimulus-induced expression of Fos immunoreactivity was inhibited, but not abolished, by hexamethonium, which limited the spread of activation within the submucosal plexus and completely prevented expression of Fos immunoreactivity by myenteric neurons in response to mucosal puffs of N2 [19].
• 6. The results show that the hyperpolarization of submucosal plexus neurones by noradrenaline, somatostatin and [Met5]enkephalin results from the increased opening of at least three types of background potassium channel, and that the coupling from the receptors to the channels is maintained in excised membrane patches [20].
• Synchronized discharges of stretch-activated EJPs and IJPs were preserved following pretreatment with capsaicin (10 microM), were unaffected by nifedipine (1 microM) and did not require the mucosa or submucous plexus [21].
• 2. Cocaine (0.2-30 microM) reversibly increased the duration of the i.p.s.p. or inhibitory post-synaptic current (i.p.s.c.) in locus coeruleus neurones and submucous plexus neurones by approximately 750% and 350% respectively [22].
• 6-hydroxydopamine selectively and irreversibly abolished the i.p.s.p. and resulted in a complete loss of catecholamine fluorescent nerve fibres in the submucous plexus [23].

Gene context of Submucous Plexus

• A small population (1% of submucosal plexus neurons) containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and peptide histide isoleucine-like immunoreactivity without NPY-like immunoreactivity was also observed [24].
• In contrast to the NOSII expression, the constitutive isoforms can also be detected in the submucosal plexus [25].
• All somatostatin-immunoreactive neuronal elements (18% of submucosal plexus neurons) contained calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity, just over half of which also contained substance P immunoreactivity [24].
• In the guinea pig ileum, we observed widespread alpha2a-AR immunoreactivity on nerve fibers in the MP and on VIP neurons in the submucosal plexus (SMP) [26].
• The existence of such an unbroken neuronal chain lends support to the hypothesis that a putative environmental pathogen capable of passing the gastric epithelial lining might induce alpha-synuclein misfolding and aggregation in specific cell types of the submucosal plexus and reach the brain via a consecutive series of projection neurons [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Submucous Plexus

• By immunohistochemistry galanin-like immunoreactivity and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity were found in nerve cell bodies mostly in the submucous plexus and in nerve fibres in the mucosa, submucosa and muscularis including the myenteric plexus of the porcine ileum and were found to co-exist in most of these structures [28].
• The localization of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase in the submucous plexus of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, proximal colon, distal colon and rectum in the guinea-pig was examined histochemically by light and electron microscopy [29].

References