Disease relevance of Placidyl

• Ethchlorvynol (Placidyl)-induced pulmonary edema [1].
• Injection of Placidyl (12 to 80 mg/kg of body weight) intravenously into dogs caused acute, severe, nonhemodynamic pulmonary edema (as evidenced by markedly elevated lung weights and microscopic evidence of intra-alveolar edema), hypotension with a relative bradycardia, and a decreased cardiac output [1].
• Adult respiratory distress syndrome after Placidyl abuse [2].
• Bilateral exudative pleural effusions following intravenous ethchlorvynol administration [3].
• Effects of ibuprofen on the hypoxemia of established ethchlorvynol-induced unilateral acute lung injury in anesthetized dogs [4].

Psychiatry related information on Placidyl

• Qualitative detection of placidyl (ethchlorvynol) alone or in combination with poly-drugs in drug abuse urine screening programs using ion-exchange paper and/or liquid-liquid extraction [5].

High impact information on Placidyl

• Letter: Placidyl and pulmonary effects [6].
• Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein content increased from 0.62 +/- 0.05 to 1.5 +/- 0.15 mg/ml, and the percentage of neutrophils recovered from 2% +/- 1% at baseline to 35% +/- 7% (P less than 0.01) 60 minutes after infusion of ethchlorvynol [7].
• The effect of ethchlorvynol on cultured endothelial cells. A model for the study of the mechanism of increased vascular permeability [8].
• Ethchlorvynol (ECV), an agent which produces reversible pulmonary edema, was studied for its effects on cultured bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell (BPAE) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVE) monolayers [8].
• To aid in kinetic analysis, blood:plasma partition and protein binding of ECV in 3 normal subjects were also examined [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Placidyl

• Increased leukotriene C4 in ethchlorvynol-induced acute lung injury in dogs [10].
• Seven sheep were ventilated with a tidal volume of 10-12 ml.kg-1 with end-tidal CO2 of 40 +/- 5 mmHg (5.3 +/- 0.7 kPa) after acute lung injury was induced with up to 30 mg kg-1 of ethchlorvynol (ECV) [11].
• Indomethacin blunts ethchlorvynol-induced pulmonary hypertension but not pulmonary edema [12].

Biological context of Placidyl

• Studies of ethchlorvynol (ECV)-induced pulmonary edema were undertaken for determination of the structural basis of increased microvascular permeability [13].
• Cytochrome P-450 inactivation thus appears to result from alkylation of the prosthetic heme by the oxidatively activated acetylenic function in ethchlorvynol [14].
• After lung injury with ethchlorvynol (ECV), animals were bled 40% blood volume over 40 min [15].
• Effect of tidal volume and PEEP in ethchlorvynol-induced asymmetric lung injury [16].
• In anesthetized dogs ethchlorvynol (ECV, 9 mg/kg) was selectively administered into the right pulmonary circulation to produce unilateral acute lung injury (ALI) characterized by nonhydrostatic pulmonary edema and systemic hypoxemia [17].

Anatomical context of Placidyl

• After ethchlorvynol infusion into neutropenic sheep (less than 500 cells/microliter), BALF protein content increased from 0.35 +/- 0.08 to 1.5 +/- 0.69 mg/ml (P less than 0.01) with no increase in BALF neutrophil count [7].
• Preparations of isolated lung perfused with either whole blood or leukocyte-poor plasma had similar gains in weight following injection of ethchlorvynol, in spite of marked differences in leukocyte counts [18].
• A rapid gas-liquid chromatographic method has been developed for use in the measurement of the hypnotic drug ethchlorvynol in small (50 microliter) volumes of either blood plasma or urine [19].
• Further, ten blood and bone marrow samples containing ethchlorvynol were chosen to study the effects of storage for a period of 24 hours [20].
• Admitting medications included ethchlorvynol in addition to other central nervous system depressants [21].

Associations of Placidyl with other chemical compounds

• The use of multiple ion-exchange resin papers is proposed in a sequence that enables the detection of amphetamines, barbiturates, phenothiazines, propoxyphene (Darvon), phencyclidine, cocaine (benzoyl ecgonine), pentazocine (Talwin) and benzodiazepines in addition to ethchlorvynol [5].
• In vitro lung slice studies using ethchlorvynol labeled with iodine-131 revealed no active energy-dependent uptake [22].
• The hypnotic effects of Finorgal (ethchlorvynol with diphenhydramine) were compared with those of placebo in a double-blind study with crossover of treatments in thirty-five hospital in-patients [23].
• Titrimetric and spectrophotometric titration methods are described for the quantitative determination of acetylenic hypnotics ethchlorvynol, ethinamate, and meparfynol carbamate as pure substances and in dosage forms [24].
• These findings parallel those reported for cyclooxygenase inhibition in ECV-induced ALI and suggest that an arachidonic acid (AA) metabolite of pulmonary cytochrome P-450 activity may mediate the increase in venous admixture of ALI [25].

Gene context of Placidyl

• Stage REM and stage 1 were suppressed by ethchlorvynol, and stage 1 (but not stage REM) showed withdrawal rebound [26].
• Cyclooxygenase inhibitors prevent ethchlorvynol-induced injury in rat and rabbit lungs [27].
• Pretreatment with the cytochrome P-450 inhibitor 8-methoxypsoralen prevented the ECV-induced increase in venous admixture but not the increased EVLW [25].
• Therefore, animal experiments were undertaken to confirm that castor oil acts as a ligand in Ethchlorvynol poisoning and that its use reduces coma time [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Placidyl

• Resin hemoperfusion for ethchlorvynol [29].
• Two patients experienced severe nonhemodynamic pulmonary edema following the intravenous injection of 25 and 40 mg/kg of body weight of ethchlorvynol (Placidyl) [1].
• The resin removed 100% of perfused ethchlorvynol measured by gas chromatography [30].
• Determination of ethchlorvynol by high-pressure liquid chromatography [31].
• A 26-year-old man had bilateral alveolar infiltrates and exudative pleural effusions following self-administration of intravenous ethchlorvynol (ECV) [3].

References