Disease relevance of Vertigon

• Metoclopramide was superior to placebo and to prochlorperazine in reducing the volume of emesis (P = 0.001 and P = 0.022, respectively) and was more effective than placebo in shortening the duration of nausea (P = 0.042) and vomiting (P = 0.028) [1].
• These results suggest that intravenous prochlorperazine is an effective treatment for patients with severe vascular or tension headaches who present to the emergency department [2].
• Severe parkinsonism in two AIDS patients taking prochlorperazine [3].
• A randomized comparison of haloperidol plus dexamethasone versus prochlorperazine plus dexamethasone in preventing nausea and vomiting in patients receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer [4].
• Efficacy of ondansetron and prochlorperazine for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after total hip replacement or total knee replacement procedures: a randomized, double-blind, comparative trial [5].

Psychiatry related information on Vertigon

• Akathisia from prochlorperazine [6].
• Oral mucosal delivery of the antinausea drugs scopolamine and prochlorperazine has received some attention, as has oral mucosal delivery of drugs for erectile dysfunction [7].
• Reserpine and prochlorperazine were administered in separate experiments to adult CAW:CF1 mice and to adult LVG:LAK hamsters that had recovered from audiosensitization induced by 30 sec of doorbell sound during a critical period of infantile development [8].
• Adding 3.5 mg of prochlorperazine to 20 mg of intravenous dexamethasone significantly shortened the response time [9].
• Although extrapyramidal side effects of two commonly used antiemetics, metoclopramide and prochlorperazine, are well known, it may be difficult for even the experienced practitioner to distinguish some of these extrapyramidal reactions from such psychiatric symptoms as anxiety, depression, or catatonia [10].

High impact information on Vertigon

• We then evaluated the efficacy of a conventional antiemetic regimen of intravenous lorazepam, metoclopramide, and diphenhydramine given before chemotherapy and 10 mg prochlorperazine given orally twice on study day 1 and three times on study day 2 in a fourth series of 20 patients with comparable characteristics [11].
• RESULTS: The incidence of nausea was significantly greater in the ondansetron group compared with the prochlorperazine group (81% vs 56%; odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-9.4) as was the severity of nausea (P = .04) [5].
• This report suggests that akathisia is frequently unrecognized in chemotherapy patients receiving metoclopramide and prochlorperazine [12].
• Prochlorperazine and trans(E)-flupentixol were found to reduce the proton motive force (PMF) of S. aureus by way of a reduction in the transmembrane potential [13].
• In vitro activities of chloroquine in combination with chlorpromazine or prochlorperazine against isolates of Plasmodium falciparum [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Vertigon

• For emesis that occurred from three to 24 hours after administration of cisplatin, prochlorperazine was marginally superior [15].
• Two drugs known to inhibit the action of calmodulin, prochlorperazine offP) and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-napthalene sulfonamide (W7), were investigated for their ability to control cell proliferation in murine B16 melanoma cells in culture [16].
• Chlorpromazine and prochlorperazine have previously been shown to enhance the susceptibility of Burkholderia cepacia to aminoglycosides [17].
• A randomised trial of dexamethasone, lorazepam and prochlorperazine for emesis in patients receiving chemotherapy [18].
• Nausea was manageable with oral prochlorperazine in the pretreatment phase and our standard antiemesis protocol (intravenous promethazine, with granisetron if needed) during the implant; hypotension and asthenia were not problematic [19].

Biological context of Vertigon

• Phase I and pharmacokinetics studies of prochlorperazine 2-h i.v. infusion as a doxorubicin-efflux blocker [20].
• Recirculatory pharmacokinetic model of the uptake, distribution, and bioavailability of prochlorperazine administered as a thermally generated aerosol in a single breath to dogs [21].
• In an earlier phase I study, we reported that the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of prochlorperazine (PCZ) given as a 15-min i.v. infusion was 75 mg/m2 [20].
• However, prochlorperazine levels consistent with those required in vitro for drug resistance reversal are attainable within the dose range having a tolerable toxicity profile [22].
• We concluded that the AUC of high-dose cyclophosphamide and cisplatin are significantly lower when ondansetron, as opposed to prochlorperazine, is used as the antiemetic [23].

Anatomical context of Vertigon

• The temperature-dependent instability of glucose-6-P'ase was increased by treatment of microsomes with prochlorperazine and could be prevented only partially by substrate [24].
• We conclude that prochlorperazine disrupts the structural organization between lipids and proteins in microsomal membranes, altering thereby the activity and regulation of at least two different integral membrane proteins [24].
• We have studied the effects of prochlorperazine on the activities of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and glucose-6-phosphatase (glucose-6-P'ase) in rat liver microsomes [24].
• The IC50 for a prochlorperazine block of HERG current in Xenopus oocytes progressively decreased relative to the degree of depolarization, from 42.1 microM at -40 mV to 37.4 microM at 0 mV to 22.6 microM at +40 mV [25].
• In guinea pig ventricular myocytes, bath applications of 0.5 and 1 muM prochlorperazine at 36 degrees C blocked rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ current by 38.9% and 76.5%, respectively, but did not significantly block slowly activating delayed rectifier K+ current [25].

Associations of Vertigon with other chemical compounds

• Lorazepam is a useful adjunct to prochlorperazine in patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy [26].
• The combinations of chloroquine plus chlorpromazine and chloroquine plus prochlorperazine were evaluated in vitro for potentiation against isolates of Plasmodium falciparum [14].
• Double-blind randomized cross-over trial of dexamethasone and prochlorperazine as anti-emetics for cancer chemotherapy [27].
• The feasibility of this was tested by measuring the ability of chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, methotrimeprazine and haloperidol to scavenge biologically relevant oxygen-derived species in vitro [28].
• Chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, trifluoperazine and prochlorperazine inhibited specific binding of both the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist [3H]GR65630 and agonist [3H]meta-chlorophenylbiguanide (mCPBG), with Ki values ranging from 0.4 to 3.9 microM [29].

Gene context of Vertigon

• Two trials reported no acute or delayed but a 'worst day' outcome; in these ondansetron's antivomiting effect was significantly better than placebo (NNT 4.4, 95% CI 2.5-23) or prochlorperazine (NNT 3.8, 95% CI 2.4-10.3), but not its antinausea effect [30].
• METHODS: A single-blind 8 week pilot study with random allocation to either GR 1 mg or prochlorperazine (Stemetil; PCh) 10 mg was undertaken in 13 patients who were taking or had taken MTX for either rheumatoid arthritis (10) or psoriatic arthritis (3) [31].
• To define further the place of dexamethasone in antiemetic combinations, lorazepam, prochlorperazine and placebo (LP) were compared with lorazepam, prochlorperazine and dexamethasone (DLP) in a randomised, double-blind, crossover study [18].
• Effects of somatostatin, naloxone and prochlorperazine on the control of ventilation in man [32].
• The mean end of infusion prochlorperazine level at the 24 mg/h dose level was 1.1 microM, a concentration previously reported to be consistent with the reversal of the multidrug resistance phenotype [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Vertigon

• Superiority of nabilone over prochlorperazine as an antiemetic in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy [33].
• After the patient gave informed consent, a 2-mL intravenous injection of sterile saline solution or prochlorperazine edisylate (10 mg) was given to each patient at the time of randomization [2].
• In a double-blind study, patients were randomized to receive THC, 15 mg orally three times a day, prochlorperazine, 10 mg orally three times a day, or placebo [34].
• Lorazepam: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study of a new antiemetic in patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy and prochlorperazine [26].
• Tetrahydrocannabinol vs. prochlorperazine. The effects of two antiemetics on patients undergoing radiotherapy [35].

References