Disease relevance of Blood Flow Velocity

• The physiological significance of each coronary stenosis was assessed by measuring of coronary flow reserve (peak divided by resting blood flow velocity) in the stenotic artery using a Doppler catheter and intracoronary papaverine (normal, 3.5 or greater peak/resting velocity) [1].
• Cardiac hemodynamics, diameter, blood flow velocity, and volumic flow of the brachial artery were studied before and after diltiazem administration in 11 patients with sustained essential hypertension [2].
• Coronary blood flow velocities (using a 0.014-in. [0.035 cm] Doppler guide wire) were measured at rest, during atrial pacing and during intravenous administration of a short-acting beta-blocker (esmolol, 50 to 500 micrograms/kg body weight per min) with continuous atrial pacing [3].
• A second group of patients (n = 77), undergoing coronary angiography, was submitted to transthoracic contrast-enhanced PW Doppler recording of blood flow velocity in the LAD using harmonic CD as a guide, at rest and during adenosine-induced hyperemia [4].
• Pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound recordings of blood flow velocity in the superior vena cava were made in 40 healthy adults (aged 22 to 69 years) during both normal respiration and 10 second episodes of apnea [5].

Psychiatry related information on Blood Flow Velocity

• We investigated the dynamics of CO2- and blood pressure-regulated alterations of cerebral blood flow velocities during apneic episodes and evaluated CO2 reactivity during different sleep stages [6].
• Previous research using functional transcranial Doppler sonography showed that blood flow velocity in the anterior cerebral artery is significantly less in patients with Huntington's disease (HD) than in healthy volunteers while they are completing mazes [7].
• We continuously compared cerebral blood flow velocity at the middle cerebral artery (MCA) during electroconvulsive therapy, using propofol (1 mg/kg, n = 20) versus thiopental (2 mg/kg, n = 20) anesthesia [8].
• The aims of this study were firstly, to determine the effect of various concentrations of isoflurane on cerebrovascular circulation and secondly, to examine the time-response characteristics of the drug on cerebral blood flow velocity in anaesthetized children [9].

High impact information on Blood Flow Velocity

• The data suggest that 2-camphanone exhibits a relatively selective effect on portal venous smooth muscle to reduce venous congestion and increase blood flow velocity [10].
• Epicardial artery cross-sectional area and coronary blood flow velocity were measured in 8 hypercholesterolaemic patients (mean serum cholesterol 7.8 [SE 0.3] mmol/l) and 7 age-matched controls before and after graded intracoronary infusions of the endothelium-dependent agent acetylcholine (0.036, 0.36, 3.6 micrograms/min) [11].
• Distal coronary blood flow velocity reserve (CFR) was defined as the ratio of adenosine-induced hyperemic versus baseline blood flow velocity with a 0.014-in Doppler guidewire [12].
• Changes in phasic coronary blood flow velocity profile and relative coronary flow reserve in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy [13].
• CONCLUSIONS: These actions of N-0861 support the concept that the negative dromotropic effect and anginalike pain caused by adenosine are A1 adenosine receptor-mediated, whereas the increase in coronary blood flow velocity is due to activation of A2 adenosine receptors [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Blood Flow Velocity

• Mean MCA blood flow velocity at rest, CV40. and CO2 reactivity during hypocapnia increased significantly (from 67.4 to 73.6 cm/s, from 71.7 to 77.7 cm/s, and from 2.9%/mm Hg to 3.2%/mm Hg, respectively; P < .01) after defibrination [15].
• Indomethacin decreases cerebral and mesenteric blood flow velocities in premature infants with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus [16].
• Mean maximum blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery was higher in healthy subjects than in migraine patients (P = 0.003-0.033) and unaffected by propranolol [17].
• The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of intravenously administered ephedrine upon uterine artery blood flow velocity (UBFV) in the gravid guinea pig subjected to terbutaline infusion and acute hemorrhage [18].
• 1 Blood pressure, systemic arterial compliance, and diameter, blood flow velocity, volumic flow and impedance of the brachial artery were measured before and after intravenous administration of nitroglycerin (15 micrograms/min during 15 min) in 11 patients with sustained essential hypertension [19].

Biological context of Blood Flow Velocity

• In a single-blind study versus placebo, it was shown that perindopril significantly reduced blood pressure (p less than 0.01), whereas there was an increase in brachial blood flow (p less than 0.01) because of a simultaneous increase in blood flow velocity (p less than 0.01) and arterial diameter (p less than 0.01) [20].
• During vasodilation following nitroglycerin, dipyridamole, or a 20-second occlusion of the left main coronary artery, the retrograde component of mid-systolic blood velocity persisted in the septal artery, despite large increases (300-400%) in the mid-systolic antegrade component of blood flow velocity in the left anterior descending artery [21].
• During 5% CO2 inhalation, the blood flow velocity increased markedly from 25.4 +/- 4.6 to 37.2 +/- 10.0 mm/sec (p less than 0.05), while the pial artery diameter (85.0 +/- 13.7 microns) increased by 9.6 +/- 1.5% (p less than 0.01) [22].
• Effects of defibrination on hemorheology, cerebral blood flow velocity, and CO2 reactivity during hypocapnia in normal subjects [15].
• Coronary blood flow velocity (Doppler guide wire) and coronary arterial diameter (quantitative coronary angiography) were measured in 14 patients with heart failure caused by nonischemic left ventricular dysfunction (7 idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and 7 valvular insufficiency) and 7 patients with normal ventricular function (controls) [23].

Anatomical context of Blood Flow Velocity

• BHT 933 induced a reduction in coronary artery diameter from 2.5 +/- 0.6 mm to 1.8 +/- 0.4 mm (p less than 0.05) as well as in coronary blood flow velocity (from 6.4 +/- 0.9 cm/sec to 4.6 +/- 1.9 cm/sec, p less than 0.01) [24].
• This finding correlated with a shift to large vessel diameters in the primary tumors of PTK787/ZK 222584-treated animals and with reduction of blood flow velocity in the tumor feeding renal artery [25].
• METHODS: We assessed the mean blood flow velocity (BFV) of the middle cerebral artery and its increase after intravenous administration of 1 g acetazolamide (CRC) in 31 HIV-infected individuals without symptoms of cerebrovascular disease (mean+/-SD age, 39+/-11 years) [26].
• METHODS: Blood flow velocities in the anterior cerebral artery and the renal artery were measured with Doppler ultrasonography in 17 neonates before, during, and 10, 30, and 60 minutes after administration of 10 mg/kg ibuprofen lysine [27].
• Using epi-illumination microscopy on the brain surface (optic lobes) of crucian carp (Carassius carassius), we show that superfusing the brain with acetylcholine (ACh) induces an increase in cerebral blood flow velocity that can be completely blocked by the NO synthase inhibitors NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) and NG-nitro-L-arginine [28].

Associations of Blood Flow Velocity with chemical compounds

• The coronary blood flow velocity at rest and in response to a hyperemic dose of papaverine was measured [29].
• We also assessed the effect on coronary blood flow velocity of the addition of isometric handgrip during dipyridamole coronary dilation [30].
• There was a consistent, dose-dependent fall in pulmonary blood flow velocity in response to three increasing doses of L-NMMA (compared with baseline, flow velocity fell to 75 +/- 7%, 62 +/- 8%, and 40 +/- 10%, P < .01) [31].
• N-0861 0.25 mg/kg abolished the negative dromotropic effect (A-H interval prolongation) and chest discomfort experienced during infusion of adenosine and attenuated discomfort observed during the boluses of adenosine; however, the increase in coronary blood flow velocity was not significantly affected [14].
• Ramiprilat increased both epicardial cross-sectional area and coronary blood flow velocity, resulting in an increase in absolute coronary blood flow [32].

Gene context of Blood Flow Velocity

• CONCLUSION--The increases of key mediators of inflammation and immunoactivation and of leucocyte count in the CSF of patients with high cerebral blood flow velocities suggest a role of excessive compartmentalised host defence in pathogenesis of disorders of cerebral blood flow in bacterial meningitis [33].
• Laparoscopic ovarian drilling reduced serum VEGF, IGF-1, T, and LH and reduced ovarian blood flow velocities, which may explain the reduction of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in women with PCOS after LOD [34].
• Higher serum concentrations of VEGF in women with PCO and PCOS may relate to the increased vascularity that underlies the increased blood flow demonstrated by Doppler blood flow velocity measurements in these women [35].
• In addition, TMX-induced elevations of estimated mesenteric vascular resistance and iliac blood flow velocity were blunted after CRF receptor blockade [36].
• For this reason, blood flow velocity changes were investigated in both middle cerebral arteries (MCA) during a rest condition and when viewing non emotional (tasks 1 and 3) and emotional (task 2) slide sequences [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Blood Flow Velocity

• METHODS: Serial transcranial Doppler sonography was performed in 121 patients; 20 of these patients were selected for blood flow mapping on the basis of rapid increases (greater than 50 cm/sec/24 hr) in blood flow velocity [38].
• After apheresis, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lowered by 40% to 60% from baseline, and cerebral blood flow velocities (mean, systolic, and diastolic velocities) were increased (P < .01) [39].
• To test this hypothesis, we examined effects of acute administration of cyclosporine (5 mg/kg i.v.) or vehicle on renal and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity, renal and femoral blood flow velocity (pulsed Doppler flowmetry), and arterial pressure in chloralose-anesthetized rats [40].
• RESULTS: Inhibition of NO-synthesis during reperfusion by application of L-NAME caused a marked decrease in sinusoidal blood flow velocity [41].
• CONCLUSION: Cessation of daily caffeine consumption produced changes in cerebral blood flow velocity and quantitative EEG [42].

References