Disease relevance of Thoracotomy

• This report defines CYP1A1 gene expression in normal lung tissue and primary pulmonary carcinoma tissue obtained at thoracotomy from 56 patients with lung cancer [1].
• METHODS: Nineteen patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma underwent microwave coagulation therapy through laparotomy (n = 12), laparoscopy (n = 5), or thoracotomy (n = 2) because of advanced liver cirrhosis and/or intrahepatic metastases [2].
• Between 1980 and 1988, 98 patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction were seen at the University of Western Ontario. Eighty-two patients underwent resection of the celiac lymph nodes, lesser curve and cardia of the stomach, and thoracic esophagus through abdominal and neck incisions avoiding thoracotomy [3].
• In a prospective study of 183 patients undergoing lateral thoracotomy the 125 I fibrinogen uptake test and perioperative heparin prophylaxis for deep-vein thrombosis were investigated [4].
• Effect of pre-emptive ketamine on sensory changes and postoperative pain after thoracotomy: comparison of epidural and intramuscular routes [5].

Psychiatry related information on Thoracotomy

• Phase 2: Pain after circumcostal closure (7 dogs) or transcostal closure (6 dogs) of a 4th intercostal space thoracotomy was evaluated by use of pain threshold scores, fentanyl administration rates, heart and respiratory rates, and numerical ratings for behavior [6].

High impact information on Thoracotomy

• Genomic DNA was extracted from 39 tumor specimens obtained by thoracotomy and was examined for activating point mutations in codons 12, 13, and 61 of the H-ras, K-ras, and N-ras genes [7].
• Cardiac afferent nerve function was assessed in control and treatment regions by the epicardial application of bradykinin, a potent algesic, at initial thoracotomy before laser treatment, and at repeat thoracotomy 2 weeks later [8].
• Male, mongrel dogs (13.0-20.0 kg) were anesthetized (30 mg/kg i.v. sodium pentobarbital), and a left thoracotomy was performed [9].
• It identifies a large subset of patients with specific forms of restrictive cardiomyopathy in whom thoracotomy should be avoided [10].
• Quantitative comparisons of infarcts 24 hours after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) via thoracotomy were made in 13 control and 13 dogs treated with i.v. 25% mannitol, 2 ml/min for 4 hours following occlusion [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Thoracotomy

• CONCLUSIONS: Bupivacaine given through a catheter to the extrapleural region before finishing thoracotomy is substantially beneficial for the prevention of postoperative pain and reduction of postoperative complications [12].
• The efficacy and the side effects of a continuous infusion of lidocaine in the fifth intercostal space for the management of postoperative pain after lateral thoracotomy were evaluated in 20 adults [13].
• Postoperative parenteral narcotics requirement (mean, 310 mg meperidine hydrochloride [Pethidine]) was significantly less than a historic group of 30 patients who underwent conventional thoracotomy for lung resection or empyema drainage for tuberculosis (mean, 875 mg) [14].
• A variety of modalities for treating postoperative pain after thoracotomy are available, including systemic opiates, regional analgesics, and new oral and parenteral agents [15].
• METHODS: Fresh thoracotomy peripheral lung samples from 26 patients were incubated with (anaphylaxis) or without (control) anti-IgE (1:100) for up to 90 minutes and histamine release was documented [16].

Biological context of Thoracotomy

• 47 tumor samples, 45 of which were obtained at thoracotomy for non-small cell lung cancer were examined for mutational activation of the oncogenes H-ras, K-ras, and N-ras [17].
• To establish the relationships between epidural sufentanil analgesia and respiratory effects and to determine the pharmacokinetics of the drug, 22 adult patients undergoing thoracotomy were put into a randomized, double-blind study and received either 30, 50, or 75 micrograms per dose in 20 ml normal saline solution [18].
• After thoracotomy, continuous intercostal blockade with bupivacaine is a safe and effective method of pain relief which reduces the early loss of postoperative pulmonary function significantly and more rapidly restores respiratory mechanics [19].
• Eight patients (7 men and 1 woman, 45-68 yr old) scheduled to undergo thoracotomy were given, preoperatively, 15 micrograms sufentanil in the lumbar intrathecal space for a study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma kinetics of sufentanil [20].
• Anesthetized dogs with thoracotomy were injected with Evans blue dye and were exposed acutely (5 min) to wood smoke inhalation [21].

Anatomical context of Thoracotomy

• PSD was produced by placing a split nylon ring around the thoracic aorta of the rabbits at a level of T6-7 during a sterile thoracotomy done under pentobarbital anesthesia [22].
• Using a sterile technique, the pericardium was opened by way of a right thoracotomy, Teflon-coated, stainless steel wire electrodes were fixed to three selected sites on the atria and exteriorized, the atrial surfaces were generously dusted with talcum powder and a single layer of gauze was placed on the free left and right atrial walls [23].
• We have examined the in vivo airway responsiveness to leukotriene (LT) D4 in 11 patients without asthma who were to undergo thoracotomy and compared this responsiveness with in vitro sensitivity and in vitro contractility of bronchial smooth muscle to LTD4 [24].
• After exposing the LV myocardium via a limited lateral thoracotomy, each of 17 patients in this series received 4 separate injections of VEGF DNA into different myocardial sites [25].
• At the time of the thoracotomy, the ceftriaxone concentrations were 13.5 +/- 7.8 micrograms/g in thoracic wall fat and 27 +/- 9 micrograms/g in lung tissue [26].

Associations of Thoracotomy with chemical compounds

• Although normal initially (mean 19 +/- 5.0%), lactate extraction after thoracotomy, before aortic cross-clamping, became abnormal in 12 patients with more pronounced abnormality in those with perioperative MI (-19 +/- 9.0%) [27].
• Interoperative amikacin irrigation, even with immediate aspiration, results in significant absorption in both thoracotomy and laporatomy patients [28].
• After demonstrating the perforation with a Gastrografin swallow, a left posterolateral thoracotomy is made [29].
• Forty-six New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits underwent treatment with CO2 laser (n=18), Nd:YAG laser (n=18), or sham thoracotomy control (n=10) to the visceral pleural surface using 1 min of exposure (5 watts, defocused to 70 W/cm2 power density for both lasers) [30].
• In the present study, the tissue content of acetylcholine and release of [3H]acetylcholine were measured in freshly dissected human bronchi obtained at thoracotomy [31].

Gene context of Thoracotomy

• Minimal to no detectable MIP-1 alpha was expressed in alveolar M phi from healthy subjects or interstitial cells in lung biopsy specimens obtained from patients undergoing thoracotomy for malignancy [32].
• METHODS: The hearts in TNF-alpha KO and wild-type (WT) mice were exposed by left lateral thoracotomy, and the left coronary artery was occluded for 30 min then reperfused for 120 min [33].
• As such, the expression and localization of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms was assessed in human airway tissue obtained following thoracotomy, and in cultured human airway epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells [34].
• To examine a potential contribution of protooncogene abnormalities other than point-mutational activation of the K-ras protooncogene in the classification of non-small cell lung cancer, amplification of cellular protooncogenes was studied in 47 lung tumour specimens obtained at thoracotomy and in four lung tumour cell lines [35].
• Spinal prostaglandin formation and pain perception following thoracotomy: a role for cyclooxygenase-2 [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Thoracotomy

• Eighteen patients with COPD and 11 control patients with normal pulmonary function (62 +/- 10 yr) undergoing thoracotomy or laparotomy were studied [37].
• One thoracotomy patient and 18 mastectomy patients (34%) had supranormal PRL levels [38].
• Normal (n = 9) and HF dogs (n = 12) were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, instrumented for cardiovascular assessment through a left lateral thoracotomy, and myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres [39].
• A randomized comparison of intravenous versus lumbar and thoracic epidural fentanyl for analgesia after thoracotomy [40].
• Following exposure, the animals were killed by exsanguination and the lungs and trachea removed from the chest by thoracotomy, weighed, and fixed via tracheal cannula with glutaraldehyde/paraformaldehyde (550 mOsmoles, pH 7.4) at 30 cm of pressure [41].

References