Disease relevance of Lawson

• The toxicity of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone could not be fully explained by either of these phenomena [1].
• Atovaquone is a substituted 2-hydroxynaphthoquinone that is used therapeutically to treat Plasmodium falciparum malaria, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and Toxoplasma gondii toxoplasmosis [2].
• After reviewing the available data on drug-induced hyperkalemia, we conclude that the situation has not improved since Lawson quantitatively documented the substantial risks of potassium chloride over a decade ago (90) [3].
• Oxygen-insensitive nitroreductases NfsA and NfsB of Escherichia coli function under anaerobic conditions as lawsone-dependent Azo reductases [4].
• On this tree F. prausnitzii was not a member of the Fusobacterium group but was closer to some Eubacterium spp. and located between Clostridium "clusters III and IV" (M.D. Collins, P.A. Lawson, A. Willems, J.J. Cordoba, J. Fernandez-Garayzabal, P. Garcia, J. Cai, H. Hippe, and J.A.E. Farrow, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:812-826, 1994) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Lawson

• Throughout the year, the women were evaluated by means of the Eysenck Personality Inventory, the Profile of Mood States, the Lawson Morale Scale, and various self-perception items [6].
• Finally, each group identified above was analysed for fit to the Lawson & Inglis (1985) principal components model of learning disability [7].
• Replicating similar identification studies in which brief, masked pictures (Lawson & Jolicoeur, 1998) were presented, disorientation reduced the efficiency of recognition [8].

High impact information on Lawson

• We have purified the transformation and shape change sensitive isoform of an actin associated polypeptide doublet previously described by us (Shapland, C., P. Lowings, and D. Lawson. 1988. J. Cell Biol. 107:153-161) and have shown that it is evolutionarily conserved as far back as yeast [9].
• In this study I describe the ultrastructural distribution of epinemin (Lawson, D., 1983, J. Cell Biol., 97:1891-1905) in antibody-labelled, helium-cooled, quick-frozen, deep-etched cytoskeletons [10].
• The degree of substitution was estimated to average 4.8 glycans per repeat, which compares to 2.6 glycosylated sites per repeat for the mucin from milk (Müller, S., Goletz, S., Packer, N., Gooley, A. A., Lawson, A. M., and Hanisch, F.-G. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 24780-24793) [11].
• We have shown that 8-epi-PGF2 alpha, unlike other F2-isoprostanes, is a minor product of the prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-1 (PG G/H S-1) expressed in human platelets (Praticó, D., Lawson, J. A., and Fitzgerald, G. A. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 9800-9808) [12].
• In the present study, mitochondria harboring distinct AAC proteins and the pet9 Arg96 to HIS mutant (Lawson, J., Gawaz, M., Klingenberg, M., and Douglas, M. G. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 14195-14201) protein have been characterized [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Lawson

• The iron complexes of 5-OH-1,4 naphthoquinone (5-OH-1,4 NQ; Juglone) are more toxic than the iron complexes of 2-OH-1,4 naphthoquinone (2-OH-1,4 NQ; Lawsone) indicating that the mechanisms of toxicity are different [14].
• The lack of detectability of xanthine oxidase in the mussel tissues could explain the comparatively lower toxicity of lawsone in the invertebtrate, lending support to a previous suggestion that xanthine oxidase might be responsible for the mechanism of toxicity of lawsone in higher organisms in vivo [15].
• Results obtained could suggest the use of rhein and plumbagin alone or juglone and lawsone combined for treatment of oral infectious diseases [16].
• A 10 microg/kg dose of kaempferol 3-rutinoside and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (lawsone) isolated from IB also inhibited scratching behaviour in the NC mouse with established dermatitis [17].
• Pseudomonas putida J1 and J2, enriched from soil with juglone, are capable of a total degradation of 1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, and 2-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone [18].

Biological context of Lawson

• Ser-88 forms a hydrogen bond with the amino group of bound tryptophan (Schevitz, R. W., Otwinowski, Z., Joachimiak, A., Lawson, C. L., and Sigler, P. B. (1985) Nature 317, 782-786), and alteration of the geometry of the side chain would be anticipated to perturb the topology of the binding site [19].
• The research concerning the visual perception in deaf subjects has led to contradictory results: Deaf subjects have been reported to show enhanced visual perceptual skills compared to hearing subjects (Neville & Lawson, 1987) [20].
• Regarding the consensus statement on 21-hydroxylase deficiency from the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology [21].
• A calcium binding protein of Mr 29,000 which cross-reacts with antibodies raised against chick calbindin-D28k was previously reported to be present in rat cerebellum [Pochet, R., Parmentier, M., Lawson, D. E. M., & Pasteels, J. L. (1985) Brain Res. 345, 251-254] [22].
• The development of gynecology as a specialty, although primarily American in origin, was influenced in large degree by Robert Lawson Tait, a brilliant Scottish/English surgeon who practiced in the late 19th century [23].

Anatomical context of Lawson

• An oxidant stress-associated hemolytic response to lawsone could be provoked, however, if it was incubated with GSH-depleted erythrocytes [24].
• Lawsone (2-OH-1,4-naphthoquinone) derived form the henna plant increases the oxygen affinity of sickle cell blood [25].
• 2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, the natural dye of Henna, is non-genotoxic in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test and does not produce oxidative DNA damage in Chinese hamster ovary cells [26].
• Sodium lawsonate (SL: derivative of lawsone, hydroxy-1,4-naphthaquinone) was studied for its activity profile in mice and rats, with emphasis on actions on the central nervous system [27].
• Twenty-seven patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis were treated with the Lawson procedure, consisting of closed drainage of the lesser sac, cholecystostomy, gastrostomy and jejunostomy [28].

Associations of Lawson with other chemical compounds

• To evaluate the in vitro oxidation potential of lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4 naphthoquinone) [29].
• Non-toxic concentrations (50 microM) of menadione (redox cycles and arylates), 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (neither arylates nor redox cycles via a one electron reduction) and 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (a pure redox cycler) all caused markedly similar changes in cellular pyridine nucleotides [30].
• Venous blood from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-normal and G6PD A- subjects were incubated with various amounts of lawsone for 2 hours at 37 degrees C. Reduced glutathione and methemoglobin (MHb) levels were measured before and after incubation [29].
• However, the redox reactivity of lawsone in the presence of Fe(III) was evident, while AQDS did not show any under the tested conditions [31].
• In acid and neutral pH, four main degradation products were identified: 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-butanone, ammonia, and hydroxylamine [32].

Gene context of Lawson

• Mcm2, a protein important for ARS activity, as well as Aac2, one of the three isoforms of the mitochondrial ATP/ADP carrier, were previously described (Yan et al., 1991; Lawson and Douglas, 1988) [33].
• The differences in backbone chemical shifts between the two subunits within each dimer of delta 2-7 trpR reflect dimer-dimer contacts involving the helix-turn-helix domains and N-terminal residues consistent with a previously determined crystal structure [Lawson and Carey (1993) Nature, 366, 178-182] [34].
• Ribose 1,5-bisphosphate (Rib-1,5-P2), a newly discovered activator of rat brain phosphofructokinase, forms rapidly during the initiation of glycolytic flux and disappears within 20 s (Ogushi, S., Lawson, J.W. R., Dobson, G.P., Veech, R.L., and Uyeda, K. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 10943-10949) [35].
• This confirms that Tyr-7 is involved in the interaction between Trp repressor dimers, as seen in the crystal structure (Lawson and Carey, 1993) [36].
• At a lawsone concentration of 2.8 x 10-3 mol/L, blood from 15 healthy adults formed MHb percentages of 7.4% +/- 3.3% (+/- 1 SD); in blood from 4 G6PD A- adults, percentages were 44.5%, 40.6%, 41.3%, and 42.8% [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Lawson

• Using density gradient ultracentrifugation, we have previously found that in A431 cells the predominant PI4K activity arises from a type II alpha enzyme that is localized to a buoyant membrane fraction of unknown origin [Waugh, Lawson, Tan and Hsuan (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 17115-17121] [37].
• In our patient with advanced prostate carcinoma, after the usual method of placement of a ureteral stent had failed, antegrade percutaneous ureteroneocystostomy with placement of a double-J performed by means of the Lawson retrograde nephrostomy set [38].
• Retrograde percutaneous nephrolithotomy using the Lawson technique for management of complex nephrolithiasis [39].
• To grow L. intracellularisin vitro, the cell culture method of Lawson et al [40].
• The famous abdominal surgeon Lawson Tait appeared to be a strong opponent of cholecystectomy, maintaining cholecystostomy as the procedure of choice [41].

References