Disease relevance of Gastrostomy

• In a nursing home point-prevalence survey, 18 of 39 patients were colonized with ceftazidime-resistant E coli; prior receipt of ciprofloxacin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and presence of a gastrostomy tube were independent predictors of resistance [1].
• Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has been proposed as symptomatic treatment of dysphagia in patients with ALS [2].
• One patient required nursing home placement and a feeding gastrostomy as a result of the worsening parkinsonism during risperidone treatment, but was able to return home and have the gastrostomy removed after switching from risperidone to clozapine [3].
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy sites [4].
• CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of Cefazolin prophylaxis does not reduce the overall peristomal wound infection in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy [5].

Psychiatry related information on Gastrostomy

• The relationship between CAG repeat length and age at nursing home (NH) admission and age at percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was examined in 47 residents of a specialized Huntington's disease long-term care facility who were observed for a median of 3 years (range, 1 to 11 years) [6].
• A nine-year-old girl with spastic quadriplegia, mental retardation, poor vision, a gastrostomy, and intractable epilepsy was referred by her pediatrician for a dental assessment with a view to extracting her anterior teeth as a means of preventing repeated damage to the skin over the proximal phalanx of her left thumb, which she sucked at night [7].
• An 81 year old patient, suffering from Alzheimer's disease sustained a full thickness HCI Acid burn of her abdomen and chest wall due to leakage of gastric content from her gastrostomy feeding tube [8].

High impact information on Gastrostomy

• All patients required parenteral nutrition or failed to thrive while receiving gastrostomy feedings [9].
• Gastroesophageal reflux during gastrostomy feeding [10].
• Patients received either intravenous saline as a placebo or intravenous cefazolin (1 g) 30 minutes before gastrostomy [11].
• C57BL/6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) type I receptor-deficient, and genetically matched wild type mice were fed via an implanted gastrostomy tube a high-fat diet for 9 weeks in the increasing amount up to 85% in excess of the standard intake [12].
• Hexamethylene bisacetamide was administered as a 5% (w/v) solution via a nasogastric or gastrostomy tube every 4 h for 5 days, followed in 21 days by a 5-day continuous i.v. infusion at the same daily dose [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Gastrostomy

• Total parenteral nutrition was found to be superior to gastrostomy feeding in achieving an earlier positive nitrogen balance and greater weight gain during a 4-week period [14].
• Moreover, FVC at first examination was identified as a significant predictor of survival and disease progression in both univariate and multivariate Cox regression models, after adjustment for age, sex, site of onset, diagnostic delay, riluzole therapy, and use of bilateral positive airway pressure and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (p<0.001) [15].
• In the amifostine group, 11/13 of the patients required a feeding tube (nasogastric tube or medical gastrostomy), because of acute mucositis, whereas in the control group a feeding tube was necessary in all cases [16].
• Thirty minutes prior to the start of hemorrhage, the experimental group (n = 8) received 3 mL/kg of 100% ethanol mixed as a 1:3 solution with water through a gastrostomy tube [17].
• To determine the most efficacious dose of the beta 2-agonist cimaterol (CIM), male Fischer-344 rats with dorsal subcutaneous methylcholanthrene sarcomas were maintained on supplemental enteral nutrition via surgically placed gastrostomy tubes [18].

Biological context of Gastrostomy

• AIM: To investigate the bacteriology of peristomal infection following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion and to determine the contribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [4].
• Clonidine induced higher RR-intervals before and after gastrostomy feeding but decreased systolic blood pressure at baseline only [19].
• Rats were exposed during gestation via liquid diet, then their artificially reared pups were further exposed for 10 postnatal days via an ethanol-containing diet fed by gastrostomy [20].
• Hippocampal NMDA-sensitive [3H]-glutamate binding site density in postnatal ethanol-exposed rats was not different than the suckling or gastrostomy control groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[21]
• Univariate analysis of delayed gastric emptying showed that establishment of gastrostomy (P < 0.0001), length of the preserved duodenum (P = 0.0406), gastric juice output (P = 0.0001), length of gastric tube placement (P < 0.0001), and administration of cisapride (P = 0.0059) were significant variants [22].

Anatomical context of Gastrostomy

• In the Cox multivariate model, age, progression rate of respiratory, bulbar, and lower limb symptoms, EEDC classification, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, and treatment with riluzole were significantly related to outcome [23].
• Intrinsic factor and R binder cobalamin binding capacity (CblBC) were measured in gastric juices obtained through feeding gastrostomy tubes (FG-GJ) from six patients with relatively complete obstruction to swallowing because of surgical resections for oropharyngeal or laryngeal carcinomas [24].
• INTERVENTIONS: Animals were randomized to receive isocaloric (160 nonprotein kcal/kg/day), or isonitrogenous (1.4 g of nitrogen/kg/day [100 mmol/kg/day]) enteral (n = 10), or parenteral nutrition (n = 11) through either a gastrostomy tube or a catheter placed in the jugular vein [25].
• Small intestine transit time was fluoroscopically measured using barium sulfate as it passed through a gastrostomy tube on postoperative days (POD) 1, 2, and 3 [26].
• Group 1 underwent common bile duct ligation with intestinal bile salt replacement (sodium taurocholate 100 mg/kg/day) via gastrostomy and an implantable osmotic pump (CBDL + bile salts), Group 2 underwent common bile duct ligation with normal saline replacement (CBDL + saline), and Group 3 underwent a sham operation (sham control) [27].

Associations of Gastrostomy with chemical compounds

• The polyurethane gastrostomy tube has been very durable; none has required replacement because of deterioration [28].
• In addition, omeprazole and lansoprazole may be administered via gastrostomy or nasogastric feeding tubes as suspensions in sodium bicarbonate [29].
• Exposure to any cephalosporin (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2 to 13.6) and log percentage of residents using gastrostomy tubes within the nursing home (adjusted OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.3 to 12.0) were associated with having a clinical isolate resistant to third-generation cephalosporins [30].
• METHODS: An ethanol- or glucose-enriched liquid diet was fed to animals for 4 weeks via a long-term gastrostomy catheter [31].
• Ciprofloxacin absorption is impaired in patients given enteral feedings orally and via gastrostomy and jejunostomy tubes [32].

Gene context of Gastrostomy

• All rats received an isocaloric, isonitrogenous, polymeric diet (200 kcal/kg/day, 2 gN/kg/day) by gastrostomy and were infused with either IGF-I (2.4 mg/kg/day) or vehicle by osmotic pumps subcutaneously [33].
• Patients with clinical evidence of GER (n = 11) had significantly lower weight gain after gastrostomy (delta WAZ, -0.32 +/- 0.26 vs. 0.03 +/- 0.39; P = 0.03) [34].
• All cultures of gastrostomy sites were retrospectively reviewed, and 28% had MRSA [35].
• AIM: To analyse the efficacy and acceptability of supplemental overnight feeding using a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in patients with CF [36].
• The personal experience of one of the authors (EMB) with 774 gastrostomies during a 15-year period using this technique confirms these conclusions [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Gastrostomy

• CONCLUSIONS: In selected children with CIP who fail gastrostomy feeding, jejunal tube feeding is an alternative to parenteral nutrition [9].
• Slow, continuous gastrostomy feedings did not alter LES pressure (P > 0.05) or show free gastroesophageal reflux by scintigraphy [10].
• Using extended (18-24 hour) esophageal pH monitoring to assess gastroesophageal reflux (GER), we studied prospectively 32 children (aged 2 to 16 years) referred for feeding gastrostomy [38].
• Of 598 patients, 595 underwent placement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube using a single endoscopy technique and a polyurethane gastrostomy tube [28].
• Utilizing the sequence of contrast radiography, gastric technetium scintigraphy, and 24-hour pH probe, 30 of 46 (65%) neurologically impaired patients, referred for feeding gastrostomy, were demonstrated to have gastroesophageal reflux and underwent a Nissen fundoplication and gastrostomy [39].

References