Disease relevance of Amyl nitrite

• Among 92 men who had sex with men and who were seronegative for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a history of sex with a partner who had Kaposi's sarcoma, deep kissing with an HIV-positive partner, and the use of amyl nitrite capsules ("poppers") or inhaled nitrites were independent risk factors for infection with HHV-8 [1].
• Amyl nitrite and Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men [2].
• Amyl nitrite inhalation, expressed as change in delta R-R interval/mean arterial pressure decrease, was less in hemodialysis hypotension patients [3].
• Amyl nitrite poppers and methemoglobinemia [4].
• Simultaneous echocardiographic phonocardiographic recordings at rest and during amyl nitrite administration in patients with mitral valve prolapse [5].

Psychiatry related information on Amyl nitrite

• Substance abuse severity scores and use of amphetamines and amyl nitrite declined [6].

High impact information on Amyl nitrite

• Amyl nitrite affected only the smooth muscle section, significantly increasing compliance and decreasing the resistance to initial stretch [7].
• The aims of this study were to assess esophageal smooth and striated muscle tone and the effect of a smooth muscle relaxant (amyl nitrite, 0.3 mL inhalation) on this tone [7].
• Amyl nitrite may alter T lymphocytes in homosexual men [8].
• Evaluated at the median exposure for patients, the analysis yielded risk-ratio estimates of 12.3 for amyl nitrite (95% confidence limits 4.2, 35.8) and 2.0 for sexual activity (95% confidence limits 1.3, 3.1) [9].
• Amyl nitrite use by homosexuals [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Amyl nitrite

• Seventeen patients with labile hypertension received nitroglycerin and 18 received amyl nitrite [11].
• These results show that the antidiuretic response to the hypotension induced by amyl nitrite is due to the release of vasopressin and that this release is mediated by a neuroendocrine reflex acting through the brain stem [12].
• However, according to case reports in humans, visual aura in migraine can be alleviated by vasodilator substances, such as amyl nitrite and isoprenaline [13].
• In the five patients with typical idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, the amyl nitrite increased the obstructive index from 39.6 +/- 12 to 51 +/- 18.9 (P less than 0.05); whereas, phentolamine increased the obstructive index to 69.8 +/- 25.6 (P less than 0.015) [14].
• Propranolol decreased, but did not completely abolish, the heart rate increase produced by amyl nitrite and standing, probably because of vagal participation (withdrawal) in heart rate increase produced by baroreceptor hypotension (amyl nitrite) and on assuming the upright posture [15].

Biological context of Amyl nitrite

• The most commonly used auscultatory aids, including respiration (Carvallo's maneuver), Müller and Valsalva maneuvers, squatting, standing, handgrip, intrinsic cycle length changes, and amyl nitrite, are discussed [16].
• Baroreflex sensitivity (in milliseconds per millimeter of mercury) assessed by amyl nitrite inhalation was 24.3 +/- 2.8 in FH- normotensives, 12.3 +/- 1.7 in FH+ normotensives, 15.4 +/- 3.3 in FH- hypertensives, and 8.1 +/- 1.2 in FH+ hypertensives [17].
• It suggests that the movement of auscultatory phenomena earlier in systole during amyl nitrite inhalation is related to earlier prolapse of the mitral valve, and that a decrease in ventricular valume is a tenable explanation for the earlier onset of prolapse [5].
• Echocardiograms were performed at rest in the supine position before and after amyl nitrite inhalation and were obtainable in 101 subjects [18].
• Differences between upper and lower extremities did not change after vasodilation elicited by amyl nitrite [19].

Anatomical context of Amyl nitrite

• Differentiation between organic stenosis and functional dyskinesia of the sphincter of Oddi with amyl nitrite-augmented quantitative hepatobiliary scintigraphy [20].
• Impaired flow of contrast material into the duodenum and failure to delineate the terminal segment of the duct tend to occur together; they may occur in a duct free of stones and if they are the only abnormality the examination should be repeated after the inhalation of amyl nitrite [21].
• In this study, isobutyl nitrite and amyl nitrite were incubated with subcellular fractions of bovine coronary arterial smooth muscle at 37 degrees C, and NO generation was assessed by redox chemiluminescence assay of headspace NO [22].
• Significant coronary artery disease detected by amyl nitrite and systolic time intervals [23].
• The turbulence in the LVOT and left atrium was increased by amyl nitrite, and decreased by handgrip [24].

Associations of Amyl nitrite with other chemical compounds

• Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed by both high-pressure (phenylephrine bolus) and low-pressure (amyl nitrite inhalation) stimuli [17].
• It is concluded that rat liver microsomal GST catalyses the formation of GSNO from amyl nitrite and n-butyl nitrite [25].
• Since alkyl nitrites readily convert thiols to thionitrites, our findings have implications for the toxicology of nitrosating drugs, such as amyl nitrite [26].
• Catalytic hydrogenation of 8a gave an unsubstituted pyridine C-nucleoside, and diazotative oxodeamination of 6-aminopyridine nucleoside 9f by isopentyl nitrite in acetic acid gave 6-oxopyridine nucleoside 10i [27].
• We conclude that amyl nitrite inhalation for at least 4 min may offer an effective and readily available alternative to intravenous dipyridamole for vasodilator imaging of the heart [28].

Gene context of Amyl nitrite

• Hemolytic anemia in a G6PD-deficient man after inhalation of amyl nitrite ("poppers") [29].
• Immediately after amyl nitrite, earlier prolapse was due to an increase of VCF in the preprolapse period, with max VCF increasing from 2.15 +/- 0.27 to 3.06 +/- 0.40 circ/sec (P less than 0.001), there being no change in the end-diastolic diameter up to this time [30].
• The authors interviewed 150 homosexual men to determine the relationship between use of amyl nitrite and certain aspects of homosexuality [31].
• Inhalation of amyl nitrite reduces the systemic resistance, resulting in decreased systemic pressure and diminished intensity of the murmur of a small VSD [32].
• Dynamic changes in left ventricular outflow tract flow velocities after amyl nitrite inhalation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Amyl nitrite

• Soon after amyl nitrite (the prototype of this group) became a prescription drug, legally produced substitutes appeared and were sold as room odorizers [34].
• Amyl nitrite-augmented quantitative hepatobiliary scintigraphy (QHBS) was performed on nine asymptomatic volunteers and 22 patients with SOD of biliary types I and II [20].
• We conclude that LVOT peak velocity and pressure gradients in patients with HC can be readily assessed by Doppler echocardiography both at rest and after amyl nitrite inhalation [33].
• It is concluded that amyl nitrite increases aortocoronary bypass graft blood velocity, suggesting a possible enhancement of blood flow to the distal native circulation in patients so operated upon [35].
• In clinically improved and stable patients, amyl nitrite inhalation resulted in increased intensity of the commonly heard systolic ejection type murmur at the left sternal border and echocardiographic evidence of further narrowing of the outflow tract measured between the interventricular septum and the anterior portion of the stent [36].

References