Disease relevance of Dd5

• Addition of GTP or its analogs to the binding reaction, exposure of intact cells to pertussis toxin prior to irradiation, or treatment of irradiated membranes with N-ethylmaleimide did not change the target size (approximately equal to 100 kDa) for opioid receptors in NG 108-15 cells and rat brain [1].
• Furthermore, both the abnormal mature 130-kDa and precursor 100-kDa beta 1-subunits were detected on the surface of Zajdela hepatoma cells, associated with the alpha 5-subunit [2].
• Tetanus toxin is composed of a heavy chain (100 kDa) and a light chain (50 kDa) held together by a single interchain disulfide bridge [3].
• The nature and subcellular localization of the enzymic activities responsible for the production of the 20 kDa protein betagranin from its 100 kDa chromogranin-A-like precursor was investigated in transplantable insulinoma tissue [4].
• Utilization of heme-hemopexin as a source of heme by Haemophilus influenzae type b is dependent on expression by this bacterium of the 100-kDa HxuA protein, which is both present on the bacterial cell surface and released into the culture supernatant (L. D. Cope, R. Yogev, U. Muller-Eberhard, and E. J. Hansen, J. Bacteriol. 177:2644-2653, 1995) [5].

High impact information on Dd5

• Gi-mediated activation of the Ras/MAP kinase pathway involves a 100 kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated Grb2 SH3 binding protein, but not Src nor Shc [6].
• The pore-forming toxin streptolysin O (SLO) can be used to reversibly permeabilize adherent and nonadherent cells, allowing delivery of molecules with up to 100 kDa mass to the cytosol [7].
• Preliminary analysis of key activity present in BSN-CM indicates that it is a heat-sensitive, heparin-binding factor with a probable molecular mass greater than 100 kDa [8].
• Dynamin is a 100-kDa microtubule-activated GTPase originally isolated from mammalian brain that has been proposed to be crucial in the early steps of endocytosis [9].
• In adult rat brain, the microtubule-associated protein dynamin is composed of a closely spaced polypeptide doublet of approximately 100 kDa [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Dd5

• The protein quantity and activity of this 100-kDa src-related protein tyrosine kinase significantly increased with the progress of chronic hepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma, especially in the tumorous portion of the liver [11].
• Here, the crystallization in the absence of Ca(2+) of an inactive mutant hybrid calpain (MW approximately 100 kDa), which contains 85% of the rat mu-calpain sequence and is well expressed in Escherichia coli, is described [12].
• The 45, 55, 65 and 100 kDa ATP-binding proteinases (ATP-BPases) of the heat-shocked (44 degrees C for 30 min, recovery for 12 h) rat C6 glioma cells were purified by DEAE-ionexchange and ATP-affinity chromatography [13].
• The ability of RU486 to counteract progestin-induced lordosis was assessed by infusing 10 micrograms of this agent into the VMHN along with any of the progestins [14].
• CONCLUSIONS: The infusion of the beta-amylase fraction containing a 100-kDa glycoprotein from IMLNS patients in relapse induced proteinuria and effacement of foot processes in the rat [15].

Biological context of Dd5

• The cDNA sequence contains a 2799 amino acid open reading frame sharing 40% identity with the predicted 2894 amino acid product of the Drosophila melanogaster tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs, while the carboxy-terminal 889 amino acids show 96% identity to a rat 100 kDa HECT domain protein [16].
• Ontogenic studies reveal that the expression of the 100 kDa protein-encoding gene and sexual maturation are correlated, being barely detectable during early post-natal life but reaching maximal levels around the first month after birth [17].
• A second region of the rat 100 kDa protein, containing alternating basic, mostly arginine, and acidic amino-acid residues, is structurally related to sequence motifs found in the 70K protein of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP), which is involved in RNA splicing [17].
• The treatment of PC12 cells with either nerve growth factor or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate caused a decrease in the phosphorylation of a soluble 100-kDa protein (Nsp100) [18].
• The partial N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 100-kDa protein does not correspond to any known protein [19].

Anatomical context of Dd5

• A cDNA has been isolated from a rat testis library which encodes a novel protein of 100 kDa that contains domains found in two different proteins involved in the processing of pre-mRNAs [17].
• Protein kinase C agonists (phorbol ester and diacylglycerol) and agonist precursor (myoinositol) reversed the Na+ pump lesion, suggesting that protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation of the 100-kDa subunit regulates Na+ pump activity and that insulin can influence erythrocyte protein kinase C activity [20].
• Polyclonal antibodies, raised against the purified 100-kDa protein, recognized the protein in a variety of mammalian tissues and cell lines [21].
• A major substrate, Mr 100,00 (100 kDa), for a Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase found in many mammalian tissues has been purified from rat pancreas [21].
• Immunoblot analysis of crude liver membranes revealed a single band at 100 kDa [19].

Associations of Dd5 with chemical compounds

• Recent studies have suggested that the canalicular bile salt transport system of rat liver corresponds to a 100-kDa membrane glycoprotein [22].
• In contrast, no DIDS-sensitive transstimulatable taurocholate uptake was found in 100-kDa protein-free canalicular proteoliposomes [22].
• These investigations have further revealed that the antibodies are directed against distinct polypeptide fractions (100 kDa, 76 kDa, 59 kDa, 57 kDa, 54 kDa) that have been covalently modified by the reactive trifluoroacetyl halide metabolite of halothane [23].
• Canalicular proteoliposomes containing the 100-kDa protein exhibited transstimulatable taurocholate uptake that could be inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyanato-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS) [22].
• In studies of the metabolic incorporation of mannose into the stress proteins, only the 100-kDa protein was found to be a glycoprotein [24].

Physical interactions of Dd5

• Various antibodies against synaptobrevin failed to detect SNARE complexes in conventional western blots and detected either the 100 kDa band or the 230 kDa band on heat-treated blotting membranes [25].
• Infused IGF I was nearly exclusively found in a < 100 kDa IGF binding protein (IGFBP) complex, whereas free IGF I was barely detectable [26].
• We recently detected a 100 kDa protein (p100) that binds to the C-terminal SH3 domain of growth-factor-receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) and becomes tyrosine phosphorylated in a PTX-sensitive manner in LPA-treated Rat-1 cells [Kranenburg, Verlaan, Hordijk and Moolenaar (1997) EMBO J. 16, 3097-3105] [27].
• Furthermore, SH-PTP2 was coimmunoprecipitated with a 100 kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated membrane protein, which may couple SH-PTP2 to brain membranes [28].

Enzymatic interactions of Dd5

• Instead, we detect a 100 kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated protein (p100) that binds to the C-terminal SH3 domain of Grb2 in a strictly Gi- and agonist-dependent manner [6].
• Only CaM kinase III was able to phosphorylate the 100-kDa protein; synapsin I, phosphorylase b, myosin light chain, and histone were poor substrates for this enzyme [21].

Other interactions of Dd5

• These results suggest that FSH stimulates ERK activity in immature granulosa cells by relieving an inhibition imposed by a 100-kDa phosphotyrosine phosphatase [29].
• These results provide direct support for the proposal that the mammalian hexokinases of approximately 100 kDa have evolved by a process of duplication and fusion of a gene encoding an ancestral hexokinase similar to the yeast enzyme of approximately 50 kDa [30].
• Immunoblot and immunoprecipitation assays showed that the 100-kDa protein comprised both Nrf2 and actin [31].
• Using immunoprecipitation from the microsomal fraction of 32P-labelled cells, we also show that this treatment leads to a 2.6-fold increase in the phosphorylation of the 100 kDa subunit of HMG-CoA reductase [32].
• Antibodies against the COOH terminus of ClC-2 reacted with a protein between 90 and 100 kDa in liver plasma membranes [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Dd5

• The NTF and CTF eluted from a gel filtration column at an estimated mass of over 100 kDa, suggesting that these fragments exist as an oligomerized species [34].
• Immunoassay revealed that the 100-kDa protein made up 0.3-1.7% of the total cytosolic protein in these samples [21].
• Western immunoblots of ER proteins probed with polyclonal antibodies raised against the 100-kDa SR Ca-ATPase of rabbit skeletal muscle identified a single reactive protein of 100 kDa [35].
• Insulin-activated ribosomal S6 kinases were resolved into two major peaks by Mono Q chromatography, the latter of which contained a 100-kDa isoform of p90rsk as revealed by immunoblotting with an anti-rsk-peptide antibody [36].
• Insulin- and Ox-Hb-hydrolyzing activity was also inhibited following immunoprecipitation of the 100-kDa metalloinsulinase [37].

References