Disease relevance of Eno1

• Furthermore, cells grown under conditions of increasing hypoxia exhibited increased enolase expression relative to those grown under oxygenated conditions [1].
• The spectrum of enolase enzyme forms has been examined in several lines of neuroblastoma cells and compared to those present in whole brain [2].
• Enolase and glucose transporter mRNA levels were also increased in HPAF cells and nude mouse tumor, suggesting a general increase in expression of genes associated with glycolysis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma [3].
• Enolase isoenzymes as markers of differentiation in teratocarcinoma cells and normal tissues of mouse [4].
• Enolase from Streptococcus sobrinus is an immunosuppressive protein [5].

High impact information on Eno1

• Furthermore, immune precipitates of p59fyn had tyrosine kinase activity in vitro, as measured by autophosphorylation and by phosphorylation of substrates such as enolase [6].
• Using the rabbit reticulocyte cell-free translation system we have estimated during ontogenesis the proportions of in vitro translatable alpha and gamma brain enolase mRNAs, which are two minor mRNA species [7].
• This effect was not observed for GAD65 or neuronal-specific enolase and was not replicated by glycine doses 2-fold greater than those of l-methionine [8].
• By contrast, enolase or its homologue is relatively abundant in both the mammalian and chicken corneal epithelial cells [9].
• One monoclonal antibody to 14-3-2 (E8.F9) has been found to react strongly with bovine 14-3-2 and with rat neuron-specific enolase in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and to react weakly with rat nonneuronal enolase [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Eno1

• Albumin possesses intrinsic enolase activity towards dihydrotestosterone which can differentiate benign from malignant breast tumors [11].

Biological context of Eno1

• These results support the idea that specific interactions with macromolecules will address muscle enolase isoforms at the subcellular site where ATP, produced through glycolysis, is most needed for contraction [12].
• TPI and enolase are key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway, and ETF-QO serves as the transporter for electrons derived from a variety of oxidative processes to the mitochondria respiratory chain [13].
• In particular, alpha-enolase nitration at Tyr(43), target also of phosphorylation, brings additional evidence on the possible interference of nitration with phosphorylation [14].
• However, a role for a -enolase-type plasminogen receptor (PlgR) in myogenesis has never been demonstrated [15].
• cDNA clones corresponding to subunits of neuron-specific (gamma gamma and alpha gamma) and non-neuronal (alpha alpha) enolase isozymes were characterized from two mouse brain cDNA libraries [16].

Anatomical context of Eno1

• We approached this problem by the purification of native betabeta-enolase from mouse hindlimb muscles and by raising specific antibodies of high titre against this protein [12].
• All cell lines tested were found to possess the enolase which contains gamma subunit (a neuron-specific protein), although the alpha alpha enolase (non-neuronal enolase) was the dominant from in these cells [17].
• Enolase exists as multiple isoforms and in the course of cardiac and skeletal muscle development the beta isoform progressively replaces the alpha isoform [18].
• Whereas myoblasts from fetal tissues express alpha-enolase mRNA, beta-enolase is the predominant mRNA expressed by myoblasts from postnatal tissues [18].
• Double labeling experiments with anti-gamma enolase and FITC-alpha bungarotoxin allowed us to follow the neuromuscular junction remodeling that occurs during muscle regeneration despite the absence of nerve injury [19].

Associations of Eno1 with chemical compounds

• Oxidation of purified enolase or TPI via Fenton chemistry led to a 17 or 23% loss of activity, respectively, confirming that a loss of activity was the consequence of oxidation [13].
• 2. The extent of morphological differentiation obtained with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbc-AMP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), retinoic acid (RA), and serum-free medium was correlated to the expression of the mRNA for the gamma isoform of the glycolytic enzyme enolase, a recognized neuron-specific marker [20].
• The recombinant full-length TsENO protein had no activity in the conversion of 2PGA to PEP, but gained enolase activity after cutting off the signal peptide from the full-length protein [21].
• In higher vertebrates, the glycolytic enzyme enolase (2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolyase; EC 4.2.1.11) is active as a dimeric protein formed from three subunits--alpha: ubiquitous, beta: muscle specific, and gamma: neuron specific--encoded by different genes [22].
• The addition of the cellular b enolase or the creatine kinase enhancer improves the specificity of the skeletal a-actin promoter in vitro as well as in vivo [23].

Physical interactions of Eno1

• Streptococcus pneumoniae enolase is important for plasminogen binding despite low abundance of enolase protein on the bacterial cell surface [24].

Regulatory relationships of Eno1

• Furthermore, the S. sobrinus recombinant enolase stimulates an early production of interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, and not the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-gamma [5].
• Immunocytochemical analysis and single-cell RT-PCR analysis of primary cultures of cortical neuronal cells confirmed expression of TNF alpha in cells that also express neuronal-specific enolase RNA [25].

Other interactions of Eno1

• Some of these binding properties are shared by the alphaalpha-isoenolase, which is also expressed in striated muscle, but not by the neuron-specific gammagamma-enolase [12].
• The enolase beta subunit (beta-enolase) and the M subunit of CK (CK-M) were present in the RFM at levels increased several-fold compared to levels in the SOL of the same mice [26].
• However, several autosomal synteny groups 10 to 20 cM apart, including the Pgd, Eno-1, Pgm-1 group on human chromosome arm 1p, are conserved in mice and man [27].
• Conversely, almost no parvalbumin- and enolase-positive cells were present in cultures derived from newborn mice [28].
• The increased expression of this alpha-enolase isoform, which was seen as early as day 2 of acetyl-LDL incubation of the macrophages, was diminished by including an inhibitor of cholesterol esterification during the acetyl-LDL incubation period [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Eno1

• Following a single intramuscular injection of the necrotic agent cardiotoxin, we observed a rapid decrease in the level of the major muscle enolase subunit beta, accounting for the drop in total enolase activity that correlated with the degeneration of myofibers [19].
• Quantitative immunoblotting analyses carried out in parallel show that the enolase isozymic transition is mainly controlled at the mRNA level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[30]
• Molecular cloning and functional expression of enolase from Trichinella spiralis [21].
• Internal amino acid sequence of cyanogen bromide fragments of this protein as well as Western blot analysis identified this protein as an isoform of alpha-enolase [29].
• Enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) isoenzyme composition is studied using the electrophoretic method in xenograft tumor homogenates [31].

References