Disease relevance of Tnp1

• Using a cDNA clone as probe, we have isolated the gene (Stp-1) coding for rat TP1 from a population of recombinant bacteriophage lambda [1].
• Serial renin-angiotensin studies in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats. Transition from normal- to high-renin status during the established phase of spontaneous hypertension [2].
• Improvement of Ventricular Mechanical Properties by Puerarin Involves Mitochondrial Permeability Transition in Isolated Rat Heart during Ischemia and Reperfusion [3].

Psychiatry related information on Tnp1

• As previously reported for the mRNAs of transition protein 1 and protamine 1 [Morales et al., J Cell Sci 1991; 100:119-131], no compartmentalization of poly(A)+ RNAs was detected in the cytoplasm of round and elongated spermatids [4].
• The present theoretical basis of Control Analysis is extended with the definition of Transition Time Response Coefficients [5].

High impact information on Tnp1

• No TP4 was detected in round spermatids, and along with TP1 and TP2, it is present in step 13-15 spermatids and its amount decreased in steps 16-19 [6].
• Thus production of TP1 is an example of haploid gene expression [7].
• Lymphocytes bearing receptors for IgE. III. Transition of Fc gamma R(+) cells to Fc epsilon R(4) cells by IgE [8].
• The amino acid sequence of a testis-specific basic protein that is associated with spermatogenesis [9].
• The amino acid sequence of the COOH-terminal cyanogen bromide fragment (residues 12 to 54) of the testis-specific basic protein of the rat has been determined [9].

Biological context of Tnp1

• Spermatid transition protein 1 (TP1) is a 54 amino acid (aa), highly basic chromosomal protein found in mammals during the brief period when histones are being replaced by protamines in the haploid phase of spermatogenesis [1].
• The gene for TP1 from several species contains an apparent cAMP response element (CRE) in the immediate 5'-flanking region [10].
• Physiological Ca2+ level and Ca2+-induced Permeability Transition Pore control protein phosphorylation in rat brain mitochondria [11].
• Nucleotide sequence of the gene for human transition protein 1 and its chromosomal localization on chromosome 2 [12].
• Cloned gene sequences have been isolated for two testis-specific chromosomal proteins, one of which, histone (H1t), appears during meiosis, whereas the other, transition protein 1 (TP1), appears only during the later steps of spermatid development [13].

Anatomical context of Tnp1

• Isolation of a cDNA clone for transition protein 1 (TP1), a major chromosomal protein of mammalian spermatids [14].
• Cytoplasmic localization during storage and translation of the mRNAs of transition protein 1 and protamine 1, two translationally regulated transcripts of the mammalian testis [15].
• The recent identification of high expression of the novel CRE-activating protein (CREM tau) in advanced testicular germ cells provided a stimulus to ask whether or not the TP1 CRE is functional [10].
• TP1 mRNA contents of round spermatids incubated in media from Sertoli cells cultured in the presence of FSH and/or testosterone were two- to threefold higher than those of spermatids incubated in media from Sertoli cells cultured without hormones [16].
• TH2B mRNAs appeared first in preleptotene spermatocytes (PL) on day 12 and in pachytene spermatocytes (PS) on day 18; p19 mRNAs were present in PS from day 18 onward, and TP1 and TP2 mRNAs were detected in round spermatids (RS) from day 32 onward [17].

Associations of Tnp1 with chemical compounds

• The amounts of TP1 mRNAs in FSH- or FSH plus testosterone-treated cultures were higher than those of controls [16].
• Identification of a functional cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate response element in the 5'-flanking region of the gene for transition protein 1 (TP1), a basic chromosomal protein of mammalian spermatids [10].
• 3. Transition from the high energy state (state4) to the active respiration (state3) in mitochondria oxidizing 2-oxoglutarate or plamitoyl-L-carnitine causes an increase of the amount of the active form of pyruvate dehydrogenase due to the decrease of ATP/ADP ratio in the matrix [18].
• Moreover, the absolute values of Transition Time Control Coefficients in glycolytic conditions are one order of magnitude bigger than in gluconeogenic conditions [19].
• The inhibition on H3, TP1, TP3 and S1 was insignificant by gossypol [20].

Enzymatic interactions of Tnp1

• The germinal cell content of the synchronized testes were examined with Northern blots probed with nick-translated protamine 1 and transition protein 1 cDNAs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[21]

Other interactions of Tnp1

• Ratio of Flux Control coefficients of glucokinase over phosphofructokinase at 5 and 20 mM glucose concentration changes from 3.2 to 0.5, while the same ratio in the case of Transition Time Control Coefficients moves from 0.6 to 0.93 [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tnp1

• In PS-Sertoli cell cocultures, the ratios of p19:TP1 and TH2B:TP2 decreased dramatically during the second week of culture; this was due not only to a decrease in the levels of p19 and TH2B mRNAs but also to an enhancement in the relative amounts of TP1 and TP2 as compared to the amounts present on the first day of the coculture [22].
• Expression of the testis-specific histone TH2B, the phosphoprotein p19, and the transition proteins TP1 and TP2, was localized in the rat testis and quantified, using in situ hybridization of their mRNAs with radiolabeled probes and image analysis [17].
• Treatment with thymostimulin (TP-1), a partially purified thymic extract, reduced the intensity of the expression of iNOS protein in the liver after bile duct ligation [23].
• The expression of differential stage-specific mRNAs, including those of the c-kit receptor proto-oncogene, meiotic heat-shock protein 70 gene, acrosin gene, and transition protein 1 gene, was analyzed by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction during spermatogenesis [24].
• Thirty rats were allotted to three groups: A, control, no transplantation (Tx); B, rats receiving an orthotopic SBA; C, similar SBA but with thymostimulin (TP-1) administered before Tx, aimed at increasing the intensity of and accelerating rejection [25].

References