Disease relevance of UBC

• By contrast, adenoviruses containing the ubiquitin C promoter failed to elicit these effects [1].
• In addition, adenoviral vectors containing the cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter, but not the ubiquitin C promoter, cooperated with chemotherapeutic agents to decrease cellularity in vitro [1].
• In this study, we utilized a mouse corneal neovascularization model to detect circulating inhibitors of angiogenesis generated by three human tumors grown in immunodeficient mice: (a) the PC-3 human prostate carcinoma; (b) the CCL188 human colon carcinoma; and (c) the UBC urinary bladder carcinoma [2].
• Clinical assessments employed the UBC scale and "Mini-Mental State" examination; neurophysiologic measurements were undertaken on wrist rigidity and speed and accuracy of hand movement, and toxicity screening tests were compared [3].
• Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. II. MRI analysis results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. UBC MS/MRI Study Group and the IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group [4].

Psychiatry related information on UBC

• 3. We tested DAT for linkage to bipolar disorder in a collection of 21 families from the general North American population (University of California, San Diego/University of British Columbia [UCSD/UBC] families), three Icelandic pedigrees, and Old Order Amish pedigree 110 [5].
• UBC researcher tracks cause of Alzheimer's dementia [6].
• The private hell of Alzheimer's disease. A day in the life of the UBC Alzheimer's clinic [7].
• The UBC Twin Project is an on-going study of personality and personality disorder that has collected personality data on approximately 1000 adult volunteer twin pairs [8].
• This paper will describe a prospective study undertaken at the UBC MS Clinic evaluating the impact of infection, emotional stress, and physical trauma on the course of the disease in 50 relapsing-remitting patients participating in the Betaseron trial [9].

High impact information on UBC

• Gene expression of ubiquitin C and proteasome subunits C2, C3, and C9 was not changed in the uremic animals, suggesting that other pathways are involved in this model of nonacidotic uremic cachexia [10].
• Binding by ubiquitin induces a significant conformational change that translocates the two surface loops thereby allowing access of the ubiquitin C-terminus to the active site [11].
• This is the first study to demonstrate regulation of UBC function by phosphorylation on a conserved residue and suggests that CDK-mediated phosphorylation of hHR6A is an important regulatory event in the control of cell cycle progression [12].
• A novel human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (UBC) was found to associate with Fas (CD95) [13].
• The mRNA for this UBC Fas-associated protein (FAP) was widely expressed in human tissues, and the protein was identified in several mammalian cell lines [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of UBC

• Compared to healthy volunteers or patients with benign urologic disease, patients with TCC had significantly higher median urinary levels of UBC antigen (0 vs. 4.18 vs. 7.46 microg/g creatinine; p<0.001, and p<0.01, respectively) [14].

Biological context of UBC

• Localization of the human UBC polyubiquitin gene to chromosome band 12q24.3 [15].
• The UBB and UBC polyubiquitin genes have previously been mapped by the use of specific intron or 5' flanking sequence probes [16].
• We assessed the gene expression of 10 frequently used housekeeping genes, including 18S rRNA, 25S rRNA, UBC, UBQ5, UBQ10, ACT11, GAPDH, eEF-1alpha, eIF-4a, and beta-TUB, in a diverse set of 25 rice samples [17].
• Similarly, in mesenchymal progenitor cells, the expression levels of interleukin-2 driven by the EF-1alpha and ubiquitin C promoters were 98- and 20-fold higher, respectively, than that driven by the CMV promoter-encoding plasmid [18].
• At day 7 after transfection in TF-1 cells, the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-2 driven by the EF-1alpha and ubiquitin C promoters were 118- and 56-fold higher, respectively, than those driven by the CMV promoter [18].

Anatomical context of UBC

• In contrast to murine embryonic fibroblasts, adenoviruses containing the ubiquitin C promoter, but not the cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter, induced both E4-orf6/7 and TAp73 in human foreskin fibroblasts, emphasizing the importance of cellular context for promoter-dependent effects [1].
• Moreover, the ubiquitin C promoter directed higher levels of green fluorescence protein expression in mesenchymal progenitor cells than did the CMV promoter [18].
• We have used the deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate to show that turnover of histone H4 acetates is rapid and comparable in quiescent and cycling CD34+ cells from human umbilical cord blood (CD34+ UBC) [19].
• Sodium-selective membranes containing the ionophore 4-tert-butylcalix[4]arenetetraacetic acid tetraethyl ester (sodium ionophore X) and UBC- as ionic sites showed a Nernstian response for sodium and selectivity comparable to that found in analogous electrodes containing TFPB- [20].
• Urine was analyzed for NMP22, BTA Stat, UBC and erythrocytes size using flow cytometry [21].

Associations of UBC with chemical compounds

• E2 enzymes have a conserved approximately 150-residue so-called UBC domain, which harbors the cysteine residue required for enzyme-ubiquitin thioester formation [22].
• Interestingly, both UIC and UBC showed a marked selectivity improvement over cadmium, with log K(pot)(pb),(Cd) values of -7.19 and -7.29, respectively, with TFPB giving a value of -5.89 [23].
• In this work, trimethylammonium salts of undecachlorinated (UCC), undecabrominated (UBC), hexabrominated (HBC), and undecaiodinated (UIC) carborane anions were prepared and evaluated for their potential use in solvent polymeric membrane-based sensors [23].
• Ionophore-free PVC membranes containing UBC- as ion exchanger and either DOS or NPOE as plasticizer also demonstrated selectivity similar to TFPB--containing membranes [20].
• Voided urine was evaluated by NMP22, fibronectin and UBC, and their values were expressed relative to mg. creatinine [24].

Regulatory relationships of UBC

• Prolonged amelioration of acute lung allograft rejection by overexpression of human interleukin-10 under control of a long acting ubiquitin C promoter in rats [25].

Other interactions of UBC

• Here, we examined the ability of cellular promoters from elongation factor-1alpha (EF-1alpha) and ubiquitin C to drive gene expression in hematopoietic TF-1 and mesenchymal progenitor cells [18].
• We report that unlike CYP3A4 and HMGR, the degradation of CYP2C11 in S. cerevisiae is independent of either HRD or UBC gene function, but it is largely dependent on vacuolar (lysosomal) proteolysis [26].
• Cytokines [IL-2, IL6 and [L8] and TNFalpha and urinary tumor markers [UBC, CYFRA 21-1 and NMP22] were measured by immunoassays [27].
• Among five cell types examined, CD34+ UBC were unique in expressing all (putative) deacetylases tested (HDAC1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -7, and -8 and SIRT1-4), but no single deacetylase correlated with their TSA resistance [19].
• Overall sensitivity and specificity were 85% and 91.3% for NMP22, 83% and 82.6% for fibronectin, 67% and 80.8% for UBC and 44% and 100% for voided urine cytology [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of UBC

• Also, HDAC1, -2, -3, and -6 complexes isolated from CD34+ UBC by immunoprecipitation were all inhibited by TSA in vitro [19].
• NMP22 and UBC were measured in urine with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [28].
• RESULTS: Sensitivity was 75% for NMP22, 78% for BTA Stat, 64% for UBC and 61% for flow cytometry at 73% specificity [21].
• A ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UBC) gene, induced by gibberellin (GA) within an hour, was identified in rice (Oryza sativa) seeds by the mRNA differential display technique [29].
• Using the UBC test, the specificity, sensitivity and prognostic information were evaluated in patients with recently diagnosed transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and in a control group consisting of apparently healthy individuals and individuals with benign disorders [30].

References