Disease relevance of COIL

• The marker protein for CBs, coilin, may play a role in snRNP biogenesis given that it can interact with snRNPs and SMN, the protein mutated in Spinal Muscular Atrophy [1].
• In the present study, we have used antibodies to the coiled body-specific protein p80-coilin, together with double-label immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy, to examine the distribution of coiled bodies in a number of different breast cancer cell lines [2].
• AIMS: Coil protrusion into the left pulmonary artery (LPA) has been described after transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) [3].
• TP3-pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) immunotoxin is directed against the p80 antigen on osteosarcoma cells [4].
• CONCLUSION: Coil placement is an effective and safe treatment strategy for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage [5].

High impact information on COIL

• The relative risk associated with use of a Dalkon Shield was 6.8 (1.8 to 25.2), and that associated with use of either a Lippes Loop or Saf-T Coil IUD was 3.2 (0.9 to 12.0) [6].
• An epitope was present in this COOH-terminal 14-kD region, which was recognized by 18 of 20 sera with anti-p80 reactivity, and affinity-purified antibody from the recombinant protein also reacted in immunofluorescence to show specific staining of the coiled body [7].
• We used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) on isolated Xenopus oocyte nuclei to measure the steady-state exchange rate between the nucleoplasm and CBs of three fluorescently tagged molecules: U7 small nuclear RNA, coilin, and TATA-binding protein (TBP) [8].
• The methylation inhibitor 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine reduces the levels of coilin methylation and causes the appearance of SMN-positive gems [9].
• Here we report that the Cajal body is a major epitope in HeLa cells for an sDMA-specific antibody and that coilin is an sDMA-containing protein as analyzed by using the sDMA-specific antibody and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry [9].

Biological context of COIL

• Thus coilin and other CB proteins appear to be downstream targets of CDK2-cyclin E complex-mediated signaling pathways regulating cell cycle progression and controlling aspects of CB function [10].
• Competition binding experiments demonstrate that AIDA-1c competes with SmB' for coilin binding sites, but does not bind SMN [11].
• The full-length human p80 coilin protein correctly localizes in coiled bodies when exogenously expressed in HeLa cells using a transient transfection assay [12].
• During mitosis, CBs disassemble, coinciding with a mitotic-specific phosphorylation of p80 coilin [13].
• Our findings support a model in which arginine methylation is important for the localization of coilin and SMN in Cajal bodies [9].

Anatomical context of COIL

• However, immunohistochemical analysis and immunofluorescence assays showed that mutant ataxin-1 aggregates do not redistribute p80 coilin's dot-like structures in the Purkinje cells of SCA1 transgenic mice [14].
• Mutational analysis of p80 coilin indicates a functional interaction between coiled bodies and the nucleolus [12].
• The p80 coilin was found only in the nucleolus-like body (NLB), which is present in all three stages of oocytes; no coiled bodies were evident [15].
• Analysis of stable cell lines expressing fluorescently tagged survival of motor neurons protein (SMN) and coilin shows striking differences in their dynamic behaviour, both in the nucleus and during mitosis [16].
• Coiled bodies are conserved subnuclear organelles that contain splicing snRNPs, a subset of nucleolar antigens, and the autoantigen p80 coilin [17].

Associations of COIL with chemical compounds

• Treatment of cells with inhibitors of either CDKs (olomoucine, 200 microM) or RNA polymerase I (actinomycin D, 0.05 microgram/ml), results in a striking reorganization of CDK2 and p80 coilin to the nucleolar periphery [10].
• Mutation of a single serine residue in p80 coilin to aspartate (S202D) also causes coiled bodies and splicing snRNPs to localize within nucleoli when the mutant is transiently transfected and expressed in HeLa cells [17].
• A polyclonal rabbit antiserum (R288) raised against recombinant p80-coilin was shown to have similar immunochemical properties as human autoantibodies and was used to analyze the expression of p80-coilin-associated CBs in cell cultures synchronized by double thymidine block, nocodazole arrest, serum starvation, or hormonal deprivation [18].
• In addition, the accumulation of JA-regulated Pin1 transcripts after aphid feeding was Coil dependent [19].
• Experimental phase diagrams (A form, B form, Coil) were built in the coordinates (a, alcohol fraction: T, temperature) for the natural DNAs and poly d(A-T) [20].

Physical interactions of COIL

• Characterization of hCINAP, a novel coilin-interacting protein encoded by a transcript from the transcription factor TAFIID32 locus [21].
• We suggest that an important function of coilin is to form a transient complex with the U7 snRNP and accompany it to the CBs [22].

Enzymatic interactions of COIL

• Furthermore, we demonstrate that p80 coilin can be phosphorylated by purified CDK2-cyclin E complexes in vitro [10].

Co-localisations of COIL

• However, we observed that CGI-55 localizes to the nucleolus and co-localizes with p80-coilin positive nuclear-coiled bodies [23].

Regulatory relationships of COIL

• snRNP protein expression enhances the formation of Cajal bodies containing p80-coilin and SMN [24].

Other interactions of COIL

• Using the yeast two-hybrid system and co-immunoprecipitation experiments, we have found that p80 coilin, coiled body-specific protein, binds to ataxin-1 [14].
• As a final link, we identified the coiled body-specific protein p80 coilin in a yeast two-hybrid screen with Nopp140 [25].
• In immunolocalization studies the lamin A speckles or foci were found to colocalize with the RNA splicing factors SC-35 and U5-116 kD, but not with p80 coilin found in coiled bodies [26].
• Interactions between coilin and PIASy partially link Cajal bodies to PML bodies [27].
• RESULTS: In this report, we identify a minor isoform of the mitochondrial Tim50, Tim50a, as a coilin interacting protein [1].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of COIL

• Immunoblotting analysis showed that these sera recognized an 80-kD nuclear protein, and affinity-purified anti-p80 antibody from the protein band reproduced the fluorescent staining of nuclear bodies [7].
• Furthermore, the human p80-coilin gene was localized to chromosome 17q22-23 by fluorescence in situ hybridization [28].
• In order to determine the chromosomal locations of an autoimmune antigen, the coilin gene and its pseudogene, we amplified the segments of the two genes by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and screened a panel of somatic cell hybrids for the presence of the gene products [29].
• Epitope mapping reveals that the mAbs recognize distinct amino acid motifs scattered along the complete coilin sequence [30].
• Western blots of GV proteins showed rapid appearance of both full-length and truncated p80-coilin in the nucleus [31].

References