Disease relevance of TAF9

• A combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and biochemical experiments revealed that the minimal acidic activation domain of the herpes simplex virus VP16 protein undergoes an induced transition from random coil to alpha helix upon binding to its target protein, hTAFII31 (a human TFIID TATA box-binding protein-associated factor) [1].
• In attempts to crystallize human AD-004, the gene was subcloned into a modified pET vector, pET21-DEST, with an N-terminal His(5) tag using the Gateway cloning system, followed by protein expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) [2].
• AIM: To study correlation links between expression level of proteins p53, p21(WAF1/CIP), p16(INK4) and proliferative potential in human endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC) [3].
• MATERIAL AND METHODS: The immunohistochemical analysis of expression level of Ki-67, p53, p21(WAF1/CIP) and p16(INK4) was carried out on surgically resected endometrial cancer samples (n = 74) [3].
• Metabolic labeling of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-(3)H]methionine and immunoblotting using dimethyl arginine-specific antibodies demonstrated that p/CIP is specifically methylated in intact cells [4].

Psychiatry related information on TAF9

• By increasing w(0), there is a sharp decrease in the CIP association free energy, and SSIPs are formed [5].
• The elucidation of the molecular basis of p25 activation and CIP inhibition of Cdk5 activity may provide insight into mechanisms underlying the pathology of Alzheimer's disease and contribute to therapeutic strategies [6].
• Delinquent adolescents (N = 32) aged 10-16 were given a battery of three psychometric measures to determine characteristics of depressive symptomatology, The CIP battery consisted of the Children's Depression Inventory the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale, and the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale [7].

High impact information on TAF9

• The adenoviral E1A oncoprotein represses transcriptional signaling by binding to p300/CBP and displacing PCAF and p/CIP proteins from the complex [8].
• Antibodies directed against TAFII31 protein inhibit p53-activated but not basal transcription in vitro [9].
• These results were confirmed by in vitro methylation of p/CIP using carboxy-terminal truncation mutants and synthetic peptides as substrates for CARM1 [4].
• Analysis of methylation site mutants revealed that arginine methylation causes an increase in full-length p/CIP turnover as a result of enhanced degradation [4].
• Remarkably, HFD-mediated interaction enhanced the DNA binding activity of each of the TAF6-TAF9 and TAF4b-TAF12 pairs and of a histone-like octamer complex composed of the four TAFs [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of TAF9

• Patients who developed paresis had elevated daily peak blood glucose levels during 28 days of intensive care unit treatment: 166 (134, 200) mg/dL in CIP/CIM patients vs. 144 (132, 161) mg/dL in controls (median, quartiles) [11].
• PI3K-Akt signaling is involved in the regulation of p21(WAF/CIP) expression and androgen-independent growth in prostate cancer cells [12].
• (type strain BD(T) = CIP 108541T = CCUG 50184T; Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus group) was resistant to the quinolones, tetracycline, macrolides and imipenem [13].
• OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin 0.3%/dexamethasone 0.1% (CIP/DEX) otic suspension with that of neomycin 0.35%/polymyxin B 10,000 IU/mL/hydrocortisone 1.0% (N/P/H) otic suspension in patients with acute otitis externa (AOE) [14].
• The influence of different treatments (i.e. cold, NaCl, phenol and anaerobiosis) encountered during the smoked salmon process was studied by analysing the survival capacity of two Shewanella putrefaciens strains (CIP 69.29 and J13.1) [15].

Biological context of TAF9

• Gene expression analysis of cells treated with either TAF9 or TAF9b siRNAs indicates that the two proteins regulate different sets of genes with only a small overlap [16].
• Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of TAF9 and TAF9b revealed that both genes are essential for cell viability [16].
• We observed a differential induction of TAF9 and TAF9b during apoptosis that, together with their different ability to stabilize p53, points to distinct requirements for the two proteins in gene regulation [16].
• Although we provide evidence that TAF9 and TAF9L are partly redundant, RNA interference experiments suggest that TAF9L is essential for HeLa cell growth [17].
• To investigate the roles of core promoter elements in transcriptional activation in vertebrates, we examined expression and factor occupancy on representative promoters in chicken DT40 cells containing a conditional TATA binding protein (TBP)-associated factor 9 allele (TAF9) [18].

Anatomical context of TAF9

• Other studies on cell lines have reported that bcl-2 over-expression is related to suppression of p21 (WAF1/CIP) [19].
• The adrenal gland protein AD-004 was identified in the human adrenal gland [2].
• The study sheds new light upon the role of CIP/KIP protein family in tumors of salivary glands and paranasal sinuses [20].
• Northern analysis of various organs in human showed one band in heart, brain, skeletal muscle and pancreas, whose size is approximately 1.1 kb which identical to that of human TAFII31 mRNA, although the size of rat human TAFII31 mRNA is approximately 2.7 kb [21].
• In mouse embryonic fibroblasts, serum deprivation results in the redistribution of p/CIP to the cytoplasmic compartment and stimulation with growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters promotes p/CIP shuttling into the nucleus [22].

Associations of TAF9 with chemical compounds

• Leptomycin B (LMB) treatment results in a marked nuclear accumulation, suggesting that p/CIP undergoes dynamic nuclear export as well as import [22].
• Furthermore, injection of anti-SRC-1 or anti-p/CIP immunoglobulin G into mammalian cells abolishes the transcriptional activity of a TCDD-dependent reporter gene [23].
• We have identified a strong nuclear import signal in the N terminus of p/CIP and two leucine-rich motifs in the C terminus that resemble CRM-1-dependent nuclear export sequences [22].
• Using mass spectrometry, we have identified three CARM1-dependent methylation sites located in a glutamine-rich region within the carboxy terminus of p/CIP which are conserved among all steroid receptor coactivator proteins [4].
• Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that when H4IIE cells were treated with Dex/RA, ligand-activated retinoic acid receptors (retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor) and glucocorticoid receptors are recruited to this gene promoter, as are the transcription coregulators p300, CREB-binding protein, p/CIP, and SRC-1 [24].

Physical interactions of TAF9

• TFIID and TFTC complexes in which both TAF9 and TAF9b are present exist [16].
• Characterization of hCINAP, a novel coilin-interacting protein encoded by a transcript from the transcription factor TAFIID32 locus [25].
• Decreased transcriptional activation by N-terminal deletions of CIITA is correlated directly with their reduced binding to TAFII32 [26].
• Inhibition of hTAFII32-binding implicated in the transcriptional repression by central regions of mutant p53 proteins [27].

Other interactions of TAF9

• Furthermore, HFD-mediated interaction stimulated sequence-specific binding by TAF6 and TAF9 [10].
• TAF9b (formerly TAF9L) is a bona fide TAF that has unique and overlapping roles with TAF9 [16].
• We conclude that interactions between TAFII32 and CIITA are responsible for activation of class II genes [26].
• The class II trans-activator CIITA interacts with the TBP-associated factor TAFII32 [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of TAF9

• Using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, we identified a novel TFTC subunit, human TAF9Like, encoded by a TAF9 paralogue gene [16].
• Protein preparation, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of human adrenal gland protein AD-004 [2].
• Molecular cloning of xSRC-3, a novel transcription coactivator from Xenopus, that is related to AIB1, p/CIP, and TIF2 [28].
• Furthermore, titration of this group is linked with marked spectroscopic changes unique to CIP [29].
• We have identified three additional strains as M. timonae by 16S rRNA sequence analysis and have characterized them phenotypically in parallel with the type strain of M. timonae, CIP 105350, by conventional test methods [30].

References