Disease relevance of CD53

• Interestingly, in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, abnormal expression of CD53 and CD9 were associated with different patterns of disease infiltration, which would support the role of these molecules on modulating adhesion and migration of neoplastic B cells [1].
• Sequence analysis shows that CD53 is related to three other recently described molecules: a melanoma Ag, ME491; a B cell Ag, CD37; and the broadly distributed hemopoietic cell Ag S5 [2].
• In addition, CD53 is distantly related to Escherichia coli lac Y permease, a type III integral membrane protein that ferries lactose into the bacterial cell [2].
• Here, we show by immunoprecipitation from cell lysates of lymph nodes and a thymoma cell line, that immune complexes of rat CD53 contain tyrosine phosphatase activity [3].
• Stimulation of rat IR938F B-cell lymphoma cells with monoclonal antibody MRC OX44 (anti-rat CD53) triggered a homotypic adhesion reaction which reached a maximum effect at 24 hr [4].

High impact information on CD53

• HindIII RFLP in the human CD53 gene on 1p13 [5].
• Dendritic interstitial cells were discriminated from neural cells by application of the pan leukocyte antigen CD53 [6].
• We have characterized the human CD53 gene regulatory region [7].
• CD53 is a tetraspanin protein mostly expressed in to the lymphoid-myeloid lineage [7].
• Differential cooperation between regulatory sequences required for human CD53 gene expression [7].

Biological context of CD53

• The mouse Cd53 gene spanned approximately 9.0 kb of DNA and encoded the 219 amino acid residues of CD53 over seven exons [8].
• Gene structure, chromosomal localization, and protein sequence of mouse CD53 (Cd53): evidence that the transmembrane 4 superfamily arose by gene duplication [8].
• Cross-linking of cell-bound F(ab')2 fragments of two different anti-CD53 mAb with F(ab')2 anti-mouse Ig led to cytoplasmic calcium fluxes in B cells, monocytes, and granulocytes and activation of the monocyte oxidative burst [9].
• When aligned with other TM4SF proteins, the deduced amino acid sequence of NAG-2 showed most identity (34%) to CD53 [10].
• CD53 transcripts increase in prevalence after mitogenic stimulation, suggesting that the protein may be involved in the transport of factors essential for cell proliferation [2].

Anatomical context of CD53

• CD53 is a pan-leukocyte surface glycoprotein which spans the plasma membrane four times and is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) [8].
• The palmitoylation of CD9 did not influence the partition in detergent-resistant membranes but contributed to the interaction with CD81 and CD53 [11].
• CD53 expression was confined to the intercellular spaces of the upper spinous or granular layer in the normal epidermis [12].
• Expression of CD37 and CD53 was negative in cultured keratinocytes, while CD63 was clearly localized in the cytoplasmic lysosomes [12].
• As expected, all cell lines expressed the markers characterizing the leukocyte lineage (CD43, CD44, and CD53) [13].

Associations of CD53 with chemical compounds

• These associations were specific, since we found no evidence for other phosphoinositide kinases (e.g. phosphoinositide 3-kinase and phosphoinositide-4-phosphate 5-kinase) associating with TM4SF proteins, and many other TM4SF proteins (including CD82 and CD53) did not associate with PI 4-kinase [14].
• This suggests that CD53-mediated signaling is largely independent of protein kinase C. CD53-mediated calcium fluxes were inhibited by high concentrations of staurosporine (300 to 500 nM) but not by ADP-ribosylating toxins, suggesting dependence on tyrosine kinases rather than GTP-binding proteins [9].
• 7. Comparison of NH2-terminal protein sequence of OX44 rat Ag and CD53 suggest that CD53 is the human homologue of OX44 [2].
• Cross-linking of CD53 with the use of the mAb MEM-53 and a polyclonal sheep anti-mouse Ig promoted activation of resting B cells into the G1 phase of the cell cycle as judged by increased expression of the early activation Ag CD69, increases in cellular volume, RNA synthesis, and c-myc protein levels, and enhanced binding of 7-aminoactinomycin D [15].
• Aging of neutrophils in vitro resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) down-regulation of expression of the selectin CD62L, and a significantly increased expression of the two tetraspanins CD53 and CD63 [16].

Regulatory relationships of CD53

• In contrast, the expression of CD11b was significantly enhanced after 24 h of incubation with anti-CD53 mAb, while the expression of CD62L was significantly reduced with anti-CD81 mAb [17].
• Cross-linking of anti-CD53 induced negligible S phase entry in the absence of other stimuli [15].

Other interactions of CD53

• Results suggested that for normal PBL, PMN are distinguished by dominant cytoplasmic CD63; monocytes and B cells prevailingly express CD53; CD82 is primarily expressed on T-cell membranes [18].
• CD53 and CD37 were not detected on melanoma [19].
• Taken together, the data suggest that CD53 plays an important functional role in B cell activation and differentiation [15].
• However, cytokines, in particular IL-2 and IL-4, potentiated the DNA synthesis induced by cross-linking of CD53 [15].
• Serial frozen sections were immunostained using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to monomorphic framework determinants of HLA sublocus products, beta 2m and Ii, and to CD53, a recently defined broadly distributed pan-leucocyte molecule [20].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CD53

• Ligation of CD53 triggers a survival response and reduces the number of cells that enter apoptosis [21].
• METHODS: CD53 was determined by immunohistochemistry, and on the cell surface of cultured rat mesangial cells by flow cytometry [22].
• The CD53 antigen down-regulation upon neutrophil stimulation was further confirmed by immunoblotting analysis and was not correlated with a change in the level of CD53 transcripts [23].
• No significant association was observed between semen parameters and leukocytospermia whether evaluated by conventional methods or flow cytometry except for a moderate correlation between spermatozoa and CD53-positive cell concentrations [24].

References