Disease relevance of Coccidia

• Eight species of coccidia were recognized in 596 faeces samples from 3 commercial rabbitries in South East England. The level of infection was related to management methods and at one site it was reduced by an outbreak of mucoid enteritis and/or its treatment with oxytetracycline [1].
• Lasalocid for improved weight gains and control of Coccidia in lambs [2].
• Results suggest that 1.0 ppm of diclazuril best prevents coccidiosis caused by six species of coccidia in chickens [3].
• Three polycyclic, polyether, monocarboxylic acid antibiotics produced by and extracted from a strain of Streptomyces albus and designated A204 sodium, A28695A, or A204-np, were specifically tested for activity against hepatic and incidentally against intestinal coccidia of rabbits [4].
• Polymerase chain reaction tests using DNAs of cat, dog, swine, cattle, human, Sarcocystis cruzi, Eimeria ahsata, E. vermiformis, and Escherichia coli indicated no cross-reaction with nucleic acids of hosts, related coccidia, or bacteria [5].

High impact information on Coccidia

• The mannitol cycle--a new metabolic pathway in the Coccidia [6].
• Treatment with metronidazole induced the disappearance of coccidia from the stool and clinical remission [7].
• Attachment of p-benzophenone side chains at N1 was found to be one of the most effective modifications for enhancing the potency of 6-azauracil against a broad spectrum of coccidia in chickens [8].
• We also conducted a captive experiment in order to test for the effects of testosterone on resistance to coccidia, which is a common parasite of house finches [9].
• Apparently, host response to cimetidine is minor in comparison to effects of coccidia on duodenal pH [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Coccidia

• Infections of coccidia and low levels of methionine, which in themselves did not produce any significant change in weight gain, did give a significant weight depression in combination [11].
• In conclusion, addition of Diclazuril at the dose of 5 ppm in the drinking water of naturally coccidia infected bird induced the same effect as 25 ppm of Toltrazuril as a treatment for coccidiosis in chickens [12].

Biological context of Coccidia

• Effects of decoquinate and clopidol on electron transport in mitochondria of Eimeria tenella (Apicomplexa: Coccidia) [13].

Anatomical context of Coccidia

• Oocysts of fowl coccidia, suspended in a 12% aqueous solution of alginic acid, were dropped into 5% calcium chloride solution to form beads [14].
• Low doses of coccidia did not affect testes weight but did result in elevated plasma androgen levels [15].
• Monensin has also been shown to reduce lactic acid production, aid in the control of coccidia and bloat and to be toxic to face and horn fly larva in feces of monensin-fed cattle [16].
• Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and interferon production following coccidia infection [17].
• These results thus demonstrate the importance of T-cell immune responses against coccidia, characterized by local IFN-gamma secretion in the intestine, in mediating host protective immune response to coccidia [18].

Associations of Coccidia with chemical compounds

• The duokvin itself showed no appreciable activity against the coccidia [19].
• For identification of coccidia, modified Ziehl-Neelsen carbolfuchsin staining of formalin-ether concentrates were used, and for other pathogenic parasites, iron hematoxylin-stained smears and formalin-ether concentrates were examined [20].
• Monensin controlled coccidia slightly better when given at 120 ppm than when given at 100 ppm [21].
• Efficacy of lasalocid against coccidia in cattle [22].
• When pullets were reared in floor pens previously seeded with coccidia, amprolium medication in the feed alone reduced the E. tenella-induced mortality rate from 28 to 8% [23].

Gene context of Coccidia

• We concluded that GPI isozymes in E. tenella can serve as useful markers in experiments on chicken coccidia [24].
• To investigate their interactions with adenosine kinase, this enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography from the sporulated oocysts of 3 avian coccidia, Eimeria tenella, E. acervulina and E. brunetti as well as from chicken liver [25].
• The inhibitory effects of IM treatment on oocyst shedding suggest that COX-2 products may have immunosuppressive effects in coccidia infection at local sites of infection [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Coccidia

• Enhancement by p-phenylenediamine of osmium for staining coccidia in cell culture [27].
• Starch gel electrophoresis of lactate dehydrogenase and glucose phosphate isomerase of poultry coccidia using the LKB multiphor [28].

References