Disease relevance of Renal Replacement Therapy

• For every 100 patients with serum creatinine >2.0, 1.6 to 2.0, or <1.6 mg/dl, respectively, 4 yr of losartan therapy was estimated to save 18.9, 8.4, and 2.9 ESRD events and US$1,502,855, US$1,021,770, and US$528,591 costs for renal replacement therapy [1].
• Expression of heparan sulphate side chains was reduced in the skin basement membrane of patients with overt diabetic nephropathy, of those with Type 1 diabetes undergoing renal replacement therapy, and those with non-diabetic renal failure [2].
• Nephropathy was classified as absent, incipient (microalbuminuria), established (proteinuria), advanced (plasma creatinine > or = 150 micromol/L), and terminal (renal replacement therapy) [3].
• During the 2 yr of follow-up, the rates (per 100 patient-years) in the four groups were as follows: atherosclerotic vascular disease, 14.1, 25.3, 35.7, and 49.1; congestive heart failure, 8.6, 18.5, 30.7, and 52.3; renal replacement therapy, 0.04, 0.2, 1.6, and 3.4; and death, 5.5, 8.1, 17.7, and 19.9, respectively (P < 0.0001) [4].
• Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of imipenem during continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients [5].

Psychiatry related information on Renal Replacement Therapy

• This is also reflected in total time on renal replacement therapy: in patients in the first quartile (<47 months) fluvastatin use was associated with a risk reduction of 64% compared with 19% for patients in the fourth quartile (>120 months) (P = 0.033) [6].
• Cost and price in the NHS: the importance of monetary value in the decision-making framework--the case of purchasing renal replacement therapy [7].

High impact information on Renal Replacement Therapy

• The primary endpoint was ARF (a two-fold increase in serum creatinine from baseline or need for renal replacement therapy) [8].
• 4.1% of the patients on renal replacement therapy at the end of 1984 were reported as having ESRF due to diabetic nephropathy [9].
• Renal replacement therapy or death occurred in 18 patients on CR-LIPE (20%) and in 31 control subjects (39%) (P < 0.01) [10].
• Angiotensin II antagonism is a suitable and well-tolerated treatment for individuals with type 2 diabetes even with GFR levels approaching renal replacement therapy [1].
• Patients with chronic renal failure are commonly started on renal replacement therapy (RRT) as soon as (or, in some centers, before) the usual criteria for severity are met, i.e., GFR <10 ml/min for nondiabetic patients and <15 ml/min for diabetic patients [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Renal Replacement Therapy

• Pharmacokinetics of cefepime during continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients [12].
• Other factors associated with a longer time to renal replacement therapy included higher creatinine clearance at time of biopsy, greater CD4(+) lymphocyte count, the absence of hepatitis C antibody, and the use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker [13].
• A laboratory based prospective study of 83 courses of gentamicin was performed (excluding patients receiving renal replacement therapy or with bacterial endocarditis) in a London teaching hospital [14].
• To determine whether there was an increased occurrence of diverticula among non-ESRD patients with ADPKD, we studied 55 patients with ADPKD who were not receiving renal replacement therapy compared with 12 unaffected family members (non-ADPKD) and 59 random patients who had undergone barium enemas (control [C]) [15].
• OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of hirudin and heparin for anticoagulation during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in critically ill patients [16].

Biological context of Renal Replacement Therapy

• Markedly increased renal disease mortality and incidence of renal replacement therapy among IDDM patients in Japan in contrast to Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA. Diabetes Epidemiology Research International (DERI) U.S.-Japan Mortality Study Group [17].
• METHODS: To investigate effects of the IL-1 gene cluster polymorphisms on wasting and inflammation, we studied 189 ESRD patients (52+/- 12 years, 62% males) close to the start of renal replacement therapy [18].
• Pediatric index of mortality (PIM), pediatric risk of mortality score (PRISM), multi-organ failure score, serum lactate levels, blood pressure, vasoactive drugs, renal function and characteristics of renal replacement therapy were analyzed [19].
• In all these patients, month of renal replacement therapy, diabetic patients, dose of dialysis (Kt/V), viral markers, serum creatinine, serum glucose, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, hematocrits and albumin were determined [20].
• Regional citrate anticoagulation is an alternative to heparin in patients with bleeding diatheses who require continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) [21].

Anatomical context of Renal Replacement Therapy

• OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize in vitro the permeability to cefepime of 2 membranes frequently used in continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRTs) [22].

Associations of Renal Replacement Therapy with chemical compounds

• Vitamin C supplementation, if utilized, should be carefully monitored in patients receiving artificial renal replacement therapy [23].
• CONCLUSIONS: Survival in Pima Indians receiving renal replacement therapy improved significantly over the study despite an increase in the average age and diabetes duration of those beginning dialysis [24].
• METHODS: We studied 12 patients with ESRF (6 men; age range, 54-80 years; 5 with diabetic nephropathy; 4 +/- 1 years receiving long-term renal replacement therapy) after either placebo or a 25-mg tablet of sildenafil (Viagra; Pfizer Inc) [25].
• Simplified citrate anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy [26].
• BACKGROUND: Regional anticoagulation with trisodium citrate is an effective form of anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for patients with contraindications to heparin [26].

Gene context of Renal Replacement Therapy

• In recent years evidence has accumulated that the total homocysteine plasma level of patients under different forms of renal replacement therapy is influenced by a common mutation at nucleotide position 677 of the gene coding for 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR 677C-->T) [27].
• Alport syndrome (ATS) is a progressive inherited glomerulonephritis accounting for 1-2% of all patients who start renal replacement therapy, with an estimated gene frequency of approximately 1 in 5000 [28].
• CONCLUSIONS: CAPD and HD of the renal replacement therapy have no effects on serum CRP and cytokines [29].
• The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the serum of patients with CRF on liver P450, and to evaluate whether renal replacement therapies (dialysis or transplantation) impede the inhibition of CRF serum on P450 [30].
• Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma polymorphisms affect systemic inflammation and survival in end-stage renal disease patients starting renal replacement therapy [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Renal Replacement Therapy

• We studied the presence of anti-IL-1 alpha autoantibodies in sera from 49 hemodialysis patients, 159 kidney graft recipients and 89 chronic renal failure patients without renal replacement therapy [32].
• CONCLUSION: Prophylaxis with a lipid preparation of amphotericin B was associated with a significant reduction in invasive fungal infections in high-risk liver transplant recipients, i.e., those requiring renal replacement therapy [33].
• CAVH is a fairly new approach to renal replacement therapy and requires continuous infusion of heparin into the prefilter blood line [34].
• There is little information about the clearance of intravenous moxifloxacin in renal replacement therapies during intensive care [35].
• Promising new imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) scan, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and scintigraphy with specific tracers for amyloid may be helpful to evaluate the long-term results of different treatment schedules, including various strategies of renal replacement therapy [36].

References