Disease relevance of Ocimum

• We compared the effects of oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum) and essential oil components (thymol, carvacrol, and salicylaldehyde) to those of a placebo when placed in the ear canal of rats with experimental acute otitis media caused by pneumococci or Haemophilus influenzae [1].
• In previous studies, flavonoids, orientin and vicenin, that were isolated from the leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum, were found to protect mice against radiation injury [2].
• Orientin (Ot) and Vicenin (Vc), two water-soluble flavonoids isolated from the leaves of Indian holy basil Ocimum sanctum have shown significant protection against radiation lethality and chromosomal aberrations in vivo [3].
• Cardioprotective potential of ocimum sanctum in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats [4].
• Effect of Curcuma longa and Ocimum sanctum on myocardial apoptosis in experimentally induced myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury [5].

High impact information on Ocimum

• Ocimum sanctum leaves have previously been reported to reduce blood glucose when administered to rats and humans with diabetes [6].
• Enhanced hypotensive effects of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum leaves and its main constituent, eugenol, in DOCA-salt hypertensive conscious rats [7].
• The main constituents of the oil of Ocimum gratissimum were gamma-terpinene (21.9 %), beta-phellandrene (21.1 %), limonene (11.4 %) and thymol (11.2 %), while the oil of Cymbopogon citratus contained geranial (32.8 %), neral (29.0 %), myrcene (16.2 %) and beta-pinene (10.5 %) [8].
• Protection against prenatal irradiation-induced genomic instability and its consequences in adult mice by Ocimum flavonoids, orientin and vicenin [9].
• Essential oil yield and quality of methyl eugenol rich Ocimum tenuiflorum L.f. (syn. O. sanctum L.) grown in south India as influenced by method of harvest [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ocimum

• Modulation of glutathione and antioxidant enzymes by Ocimum sanctum and its role in protection against radiation injury [11].

Biological context of Ocimum

• Radiation protection by the ocimum flavonoids orientin and vicenin: mechanisms of action [2].
• Ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves partially attenuates streptozotocin-induced alterations in glycogen content and carbohydrate metabolism in rats [12].
• Extracts of these plants killed 50% of brine shrimp nauplii at <10 ppm (Nauclea), 100 ppm (Piliostigma) and <1000 ppm (Ocimum and Alstonia), the Nauclea LD50 being similar to the anthelmintic drug piperazine [13].
• The results indicate that Ocimum extract protects against radiation induced lipid peroxidation and that GSH and the antioxidant enzymes appear to have an important role in the protection [11].
• The radioprotective effects of two flavonoids, orientin (Ot) and vicenin (Vc), obtained from the leaves of Ocimum sanctum, and the synthetic compounds WR-2721 and MPG (2-mercaptopropionyl glycine) have been compared by examining chromosome aberration in cells of bone marrow in irradiated mice [14].

Anatomical context of Ocimum

• An ethanol extract of the leaves of Ocimum sanctum was screened for its effects on the central nervous system [15].
• Relaxant effects of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum on isolated ileum of the guinea pig [16].

Associations of Ocimum with chemical compounds

• Modulatory influence of alcoholic extract of Ocimum leaves on carcinogen-metabolizing enzyme activities and reduced glutathione levels in mouse [17].
• Two flavonoids, orientin and vicenin, isolated from the leaves of the Indian plant Ocimum sanctum were tested for their radioprotective effect in mice [18].
• The cardiovascular effects of intravenous (i.v.) treatment with the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum (EOOG) and its main constituent, eugenol (Eug) were investigated in the experimental model of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA-salt)-hypertensive rats [7].
• Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv. genovese gigante [19].
• Ocimum sanctum modulates selenite-induced cataractogenic changes and prevents rat lens opacification [20].

Gene context of Ocimum

• Antioxidant and cyclooxygenase inhibitory phenolic compounds from Ocimum sanctum Linn [21].
• The extracts from the leaves of Ocimum sanctum showed better activity against the three MRSA strains [22].
• The present study reports the modulatory influence of alcoholic extract from the leaves of Ocimum sanctum on the activities of cytochrome p-450, cytochrome b5, and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase enzymes in the liver and glutathione-S-transferase and reduced glutathione level in the liver, lung, and stomach of the mouse [17].
• A third extraction procedure was used for Ocimum sanctum which after extraction with CHCL3:CH3OH (2:1), partitioned between CCL4 and CH3OH:H2O (9:1) [23].
• Antioxidant and radioprotective properties of an Ocimum sanctum polysaccharide [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ocimum

• Similarly, glutathione S-transferase activity was also observed to be significantly elevated by 25% compared with the control group (p < 0.05) following Ocimum extract treatment [25].

References