Disease relevance of Gastric Juice

• METHODS: Saliva, gastric juice, and serum from 20 healthy volunteers (9 positive for Helicobacter pylori), with a mean age of 30 years (range, 20-47 years), were analyzed for nitrite, ascorbic acid, and total vitamin C before and for 2 hours after ingestion of 2 mmol [corrected] nitrate (nitrate content of a standard salad meal) [1].
• These results demonstrate for the first time a relation between gastric juice N-nitrosamine concentration, pH, and cimetidine treatment, and the findings are discussed in relation to gastric cancer induction [2].
• Nocturnal hypochlorhydria wa rarely found and the incidence of bacterial overgrowth was correspondingly low; gastric-juice nitrite concentrations were rarely raised [3].
• Accordingly, this study assessed the variability of ascorbic acid and vitamin C in the gastric juice of 77 patients with dyspepsia [4].
• It is postulated that this antral factor is the gastrin (G17) which is released in abnormal amounts into gastric juice in patients with ulcers and with gastrinomas [5].

Psychiatry related information on Gastric Juice

• Phenol red was infused into the second portion of the duodenum, gastric juice was aspirated, and motor activity was monitored for 90 min [6].

High impact information on Gastric Juice

• The reduction in net gastric juice H+ output following prostaglandin E2 was due more to H+ secretory inhibition than to HCO-3 secretory stimulation [7].
• 1,3-Di(4-sulfamoylphenyl)triazene was abundantly produced by incubation of sulfanilamide (SA) and NaNO2 in human gastric juice [8].
• Formation of methylnitrosocyanamide from methylguanidine and sodium nitrite in simulated gastric juice and in stomachs of rats: quantitative estimation by a mutagenicity assay [9].
• METHODS: Gastric juice pH; nitrite, ascorbic acid, and total vitamin C concentrations; and colonization by other bacteria were examined before and during omeprazole treatment in subjects with and without H. pylori infection [10].
• RESULTS: In vitro, the specific activities on the liquid meal TGs were 32 (gastric juice) and 34 (pure lipase) micromol x min(-1) x mg(-1) with HGL and 47 (pancreatic juice) and 43 (pure lipase) micromol x min(-1). mg(-1) with HPL [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Gastric Juice

• We also determined the forms of EGF present in the gastric juice of patients under basal conditions, patients taking the acid suppressant omeprazole, patients with achlorhydria, and volunteers undergoing intragastric neutralization with NaHCO3 (n = 6 per group) [12].
• The gastric juice nitrite level was often raised and nitrate-reducing bacteria cultured were similar to those associated with other causes of hypochlorhydria [2].
• Patients with duodenal ulcers were studied to determine the mucosal histamine responses to pentagastrin stimulation to relate the appearance of histamine in the gastric juice to acid production during stimulation, and to detect changes in the plasma histamine concentration during pentagastrin stimulation [13].
• Thiocyanate concentration was measured in saliva and gastric juice collected simultaneously in 22 duodenal ulcer patients undergoing routine insulin and histamine secretion studies [14].
• Helicobacter pylori possesses unusually high urease activity that lowers the urea concentration and raises the ammonium concentration of the gastric juice in infected people [15].

Biological context of Gastric Juice

• Neutral gastric juice contains metabolically active bacteria capable both of generating nitrite from nitrate and of catalysing nitrosation [16].
• Thus, we studied the effects of experimentally induced increases in gastric juice ammonia levels on gastric structure and function and gastrin homeostasis [17].
• Based on the in vivo data, lipolysis was also performed in vitro by mixing the meal either with gastric juice and subsequently with pancreatic juice and bile or with purified HGL and HPL [11].
• Sucralfate, and to a lesser extent aprotinin significantly inhibited fibrinolysis but exacerbated the detrimental effect of gastric juice on the parameters of coagulation [18].
• CONCLUSION: Vitamin C may inhibit gastric cancer cell growth and alter H pylori induced cell cycle events at concentrations comparable with those in gastric juice, but has no effect on H pylori growth or pathogenicity [19].

Anatomical context of Gastric Juice

• There is a rapid appearance of TGF-alpha in the gastric juice within 30 minutes of injury, which is followed by increased expression of TGF-alpha mRNA and protein in the gastric mucosa [20].
• The median output of EGF in gastric juice was reduced from 45.6 pmol/12 h (total range 17.5-65.0) in unoperated controls to less than 0.06 pmol/12 h (total range less than 0.06-1.82) in rats given cysteamine after extirpation of the submandibular glands [21].
• When methyl-n-amyl nitrosamine treatment is preceded by an operation to induce reflux of duodenal and gastric juice into the esophagus, there is an increased yield of esophageal tumors, many of which are adenocarcinomas [22].
• Aspirated fasting gastric juice from patients with lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and from healthy controls was analysed for nitrite before and after (30, 90, and 240 min) oral administration of 200 mg nitrate [23].
• These results point out the distinct value of assaying CEA in the feces or gastric juice as an aid in the diagnosis of colorectal or gastric cancer [24].

Associations of Gastric Juice with chemical compounds

• In H. pylori-infected subjects, omeprazole also decreased total vitamin C levels in both gastric juice and serum [1].
• Effect of cimetidine on gastric juice N-nitrosamine concentration [2].
• The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of omeprazole on gastric juice, plasma, and saliva concentrations of metronidazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin [25].
• CONCLUSIONS: Omeprazole decreases the intragastric concentrations of metronidazole by reducing acid secretion and increases intragastric concentrations of amoxicillin partly by reducing gastric juice volume [25].
• Effect of omeprazole on the distribution of metronidazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin in human gastric juice [25].

Gene context of Gastric Juice

• Significant amounts of 12 kDa TFF2 were detected in human gastric juice [26].
• On the other hand, human gastric juice inactivates mucus proteinase inhibitor by pepsin-mediated cleavage [27].
• The effect of meloxicam on the PGE2 content of rat gastric juice and rat urine was weaker than that of piroxicam or diclofenac [28].
• Leptin bound to its soluble receptor forms a complex that is resistant to the gastric juice [29].
• TFF3 was also present in specific layers of the laminated mucous gel of the antral and pyloric regions and variable concentrations of TFF3 (2-62 nmol/l) were measured in gastric juice [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Gastric Juice

• Gastric soluble mucus concentration was determined in samples of gastric juice by Alcian blue dye binding of acidic glycoproteins, and mucus output was determined using a technetium 99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid dilution technique [31].
• Intravenous infusions of pentagastrin or secretin caused an increase in circulating leptin levels and leptin release into the gastric juice [32].
• The remaining 30 were assessed by a symptomatic score, measurement, of bilirubin and sodium concentrations in samples of fasting gastric juice, endoscopy, gastric biopsy, and the presence of radiological reflux [33].
• In 12 patients in whom H pylori was successfully eradicated gastric juice ascorbate and total vitamin C concentrations and the ratio of juice to plasma vitamin C rose after treatment [34].
• Measurement of the urea: ammonium ratio in aspirated gastric juice obtained during routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy may provide a rapid method of detecting H pylori infection and of confirming its eradication [15].

References