Disease relevance of cefaclor

• Cefaclor serum sickness [1].
• High incidence of anaphylactic reactions to cefaclor [2].
• Blinded comparison of cefuroxime to cefaclor for lower respiratory tract infections [3].
• The efficacy and safety of loracarbef, 200 mg (twice daily), and cefaclor, 250 mg (three times daily) (one patient received 178 mg of cefaclor suspension, three times daily), were compared in a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial conducted in adults with skin and skin-structure infections due predominantly to Staphylococcus aureus [4].
• Loracarbef (LY163892) versus cefaclor and norfloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated pyelonephritis [5].

Psychiatry related information on cefaclor

• A new controlled-delivery, extended-release 500-mg formulation of cefaclor that is administered twice daily may improve patient compliance compared with the older, immediate-release 250-mg formulation that is administered three times daily [6].

High impact information on cefaclor

• For both cefaclor and meropenem, the rate-determining step for hydrolysis is loss of a second, less quenched state, in which, however, the beta-lactam amide bond remains intact [7].
• Four clinical trials were conducted to compare high and low doses of loracarbef, a new oral beta-lactam antibiotic, with three agents commonly used to treat acute bronchitis: amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefaclor, and amoxicillin [8].
• PATIENTS AND METHODS: One-hundred fifty consecutive children with clinical signs of bacterial respiratory tract infection were randomly assigned to a seven-day course of treatment with either penicillin V, amoxicillin, or cefaclor [9].
• Single-dose cefaclor therapy of urinary tract infection. Evaluation of antibody-coated bacteria test and C-reactive protein assay as predictors of cure [10].
• Measurement of cefaclor and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid levels in middle-ear fluid in patients with acute otitis media [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of cefaclor

• Against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, BMY 28100 was comparable to cephalexin, but less active than cefaclor [12].
• Cefprozil appears to be an appropriate alternative to cefaclor for the treatment of acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis [13].
• It is a suitable alternative to cefaclor or amoxycillin in acute otitis media and acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections, and to amoxycillin or co-trimoxazole in acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections [14].
• Bacteriologic efficacies of oral azithromycin and oral cefaclor in treatment of acute otitis media in infants and young children [15].
• Ro 15-8074, a new cephalosporin the pivaloyloxymethylester of which (Ro 15-8075) is orally absorbable, showed greater in vitro activity than cefaclor against 48 Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains, including 25 penicillinase-producing strains [16].

Biological context of cefaclor

• The pharmacokinetics of cefaclor were characterized in 15 functionally anephric patients on hemodialysis [17].
• Analysis of cefaclor kinetics in these 15 patients along with kinetics from 24 previously studied patients showed that weight was the best single predictor of volume of distribution [17].
• Amino acid alterations in or flanking conserved motifs making up the active binding sites of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) 1a, 2b, and 2x of pneumococci were correlated with changes in affinities of penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefditoren, cefuroxime, cefprozil, and cefaclor for these PBPs [18].
• From these results we infer (i) that among the beta-lactams tested the penicillins, cefaclor, and loracarbef selected one-step resistant mutants less frequently and that they achieved a lower level of resistance, and (ii) that mutants with different profiles may have acquired different point mutations in PBP2x [19].
• Gastric emptying of saline was significantly delayed by the addition of cefaclor (3, 10, 30 or 100 mM) [20].

Anatomical context of cefaclor

• Concentrations of cefaclor (CFC) or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMX/CA) in middle-ear fluid collected preserving the stability and clearing the cell contents has been compared to those obtained using the traditional method [11].
• Penetration of cefaclor into bronchial mucosa [21].
• Concentration relationships of cefaclor in serum, interstitial fluid, bile, and urine of dogs [22].
• Cefaclor appeared to be an effective antibiotic against both beta-lactamase-positive and beta-lactamase-negative strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b when tested with 10(5) colony-forming units per ml [23].
• Cefetamet and cefaclor increased the chemiluminescence response of human neutrophils to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis in contrast to Ro 40-68790, which decreased the chemiluminescence response [24].

Associations of cefaclor with other chemical compounds

• Adverse events that required hospitalization or discontinuation of treatment occurred in four patients in the cefaclor group but in none of those treated with loracarbef [4].
• Single-dose cefuroxime axetil versus multiple-dose cefaclor in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections [25].
• Cefixime has a long elimination half-life (3 hours compared with 0.5 hours for cefaclor and 1.5 hours for cefalexin), which allows once daily administration [26].
• Comparison of cefprozil and cefaclor for treatment of acute urinary tract infections in women [27].
• Some strains of H influenzae will not be inhibited by the concentrations of cefaclor found in the bronchial mucosa, particularly those that are ampicillin resistant [21].

Gene context of cefaclor

• The objective of the current study was to examine the kinetics of amoxicillin and cefaclor interactions with human renal transporters human organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1), human peptide transporter 1 (hPepT1), and human peptide transporter 2 (hPepT2) in detail, both as substrates and as inhibitors [28].
• The influences of exogenous IL-1beta, IL-1ra, anti-IL1ra antibodies and antibiotic cefaclor on the monokine concentrations and on the values of LM index were tested [29].
• However, cefaclor administration was associated with a reduction in the number of AOM episodes in 100% of cases and a mean increase in myeloperoxidase activity in 57% of cases [30].
• Serum levels of IFN-gamma, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-5 and ECP were increased significantly at HS but mildly at cefaclor-induced eruptions [31].
• Overall it had beta-lactamase stability similar to cefaclor, less than cephalexin, and markedly less than cefuroxime [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of cefaclor

• LY163892 is a carbacephem antibiotic for oral administration with an antibacterial spectrum similar to that of cefaclor and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid [33].
• The cure rates at 1 and 4 weeks after treatment were 96 and 78%, respectively, in the AM-CL group and 92 and 75%, respectively, in the cefaclor group (P greater than 0.10) [34].
• An open, multicentre study involving 259 children between 6 months and 13 years of age was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of azithromycin and to compare it with cefaclor as treatment of acute otitis media [35].
• Following a 3-week recovery, the rate of gastric emptying of saline, peptone (4.5%) or cefaclor was determined after instillation into the gastric cannula, while intestinal transit was measured by using the propagation of arabic gum + charcoal mixture given intraduodenally [20].
• The efficacy of cefaclor and rifampin in eradicating Haemophilus influenzae type b (HITB) from the nasopharynx of day care center and household contacts of children with HITB meningitis was evaluated [36].

References